ATTORNEY GENERAL

ORIGIN & FUNCTIONS

St. Paul Plaza, 200 St. Paul Place, Baltimore, Maryland, January 2001. Photo by Diane F. Evartt.

In all matters in which interests of the State of Maryland are involved, the Attorney General and assistant attorneys general represent the State. This includes litigation in the Supreme Court of Maryland, the Appellate Court of Marland, the Circuit Courts, and the District Court of Maryland, as well as the Supreme Court of the United States, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, and the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland.

Administrative rules and regulations promulgated by most State officers or agencies must be submitted to the Attorney General for review before they may become effective. The Office of the Attorney General also reviews legislation passed by the General Assembly; enforces the State's antitrust, consumer protection and securities laws; prosecutes Medicaid provider fraud; monitors residential juvenile facilities; and conducts criminal prosecutions and appeals.

St. Paul Plaza, 200 St. Paul Place, Baltimore, Maryland, June 2007. Photo by Diane F. Evartt.

By the Maryland Defense Act of 2017, the General Assembly directs the Attorney General to take certain actions regarding civil and criminal suits and actions that are based on the federal government's action or inaction that threatens the public interest and welfare of the residents of the State (Joint Resolution no. 1 & Chapter 26, Acts of 2017).

By law, the Attorney General serves on the School Safety Subcabinet and chairs the Maryland Cybersecurity Council, the Commission on Hate Crimes Response and Prevention, and the Maryland Sexual Assault Evidence Kit Policy and Funding Committee.

As a member, the Attorney General serves on the Maryland Advanced Air Mobility Council; the Board of State Canvassers; the Commission on Correctional Standards; the Correctional Training Commission; the Criminal Justice Information Advisory Board; State Commission on Criminal Sentencing Policy; the Governor's Family Violence Council; the Justice Reinvestment Oversight Board; Juvenile Justice Reform Council; the Maryland Police Training and Standards Commission; the State Prosecutor Selection and Disabilities Commission; the Maryland State Employees Surety Bond Committee; the State Board of Victim Services; and the State's Attorneys' Coordination Council.

The Attorney General is elected by the voters to a four-year term (Const., Art. V, sec. 1). The number of consecutive terms which an Attorney General may serve is not limited. The Attorney General must be a citizen of the State and a qualified voter who has resided and practiced law in Maryland for at least ten years prior to election. Though not specified by law, the Attorney General by custom takes office in early January, following the election.

Directly under the Attorney General are three offices: Equity, Policy, and Engagement; Public Access Ombudsman; and Solicitor General.

OFFICE OF EQUITY, POLICY, & ENGAGEMENT

Under the Office, the Legislative Affairs Unit moved in 2023. The Office is assisted by the Commission on Hate Crime Response and Prevention.

COMMISSION ON HATE CRIME RESPONSE & PREVENTION
In June 2023, the General Assembly authorized that the Commission on Hate Crime Response and Prevention be established in the Office of the Attorney General (Chapter 773, Acts of 2023).

The Commission charge is to develop strategies to prevent and respond to hate crime activity, and evaluate State laws and policies relating to hate crimes.

Effective June 1, 2024, the Commission was reconstituted to consist of twenty-six members. Of these, twenty-five members are appointed by the Attorney General (fifteen with Senate advice & consent) to 4-year terms. The Attorney General serves as Chair (Chapter 939, Acts of 2024; Code State Government Article, secs. 6-801, 6-802)

OFFICE OF THE PUBLIC ACCESS OMBUDSMAN

The Ombudsman works to resolve disputes between applicants requesting public records and the custodians of public records.

In 2016, the Public Access Ombudsman was authorized to investigate, evaluate, and issue a report to the public on access to public records, 2012-15, through the Howard County Public School System (Chapter 132, Acts of 2016).

Although the Office of the Public Access Ombudsman is housed in the Office of the Attorney General, the Office of the Public Access Ombudsman is autonomous and independent of the Attorney General.

The Attorney General appoints the Public Access Ombudsman to a four-year term (Chapter 658, Acts of 2021; Code General Provisions Article, secs. 4-1B-01 through 4-1B-04).

OFFICE OF SOLICITOR GENERAL

The Office manages all civil and criminal appeals in both State and federal courts. How appeals are handled is the responsibility of the Office.

OPERATIONS

Operations directs six main units: Budget and Support Services; Communications; Human Resources; Information Technology; Performance and Innovation; and Professional and Organizational Development.

CHIEF DEPUTY ATTORNEY GENERAL

By March 2025, the Deputy Attorney General was redesignated as the Chief Deputy Attorney General, and now this office oversees five divisions: Civil Litigation; Civil Rights; Contract Litigation; Courts and Judicial Affairs; and Opinions and Advice. The Chief Deputy Attorney General also is responsible for the General Assembly Counsel, and assistant attorneys general assigned to certain State government agencies.

The Chief Deputy Attorney General is assisted by the Attorney General's Environmental Advisory Council, and the Pro Bono Program Committee.

ATTORNEY GENERAL'S ENVIRONMENTAL ADVISORY COUNCIL
In October 2007, the Attorney General's Environmental Advisory Council was convened by the Attorney General.

To protect the environment and Chesapeake Bay, the Council helps the Attorney General prioritize environmental issues, guide the Office's environmental enforcement initiatives, and develop progressive environmental policy.

PRO BONO PROGRAM COMMITTEE
Formed in 1989, the Pro Bono Program Committee coordinates and oversees the Attorney General's Pro Bono Program, the first of its kind in the nation. Under the Program, lawyers in the Attorney General's Office donate their time to provide legal services to the poor. Appointed by the Attorney General, the Committee sets policy for the Program, provides its administrative support, and resolves any question about potential conflicts of interest.

CIVIL LITIGATION DIVISION

The Civil Litigation Division represents Maryland State government and State employees in major federal and State civil lawsuits. By advising or acting as co-counsel, Division attorneys help agency counsel involved in or contemplating litigation. Civil complaints for potential suits to be filed by the State are reviewed by the Division as are all federal and State civil appellate briefs. The Division also approves the payment of all settlements and judgments.

CORRECTIONAL LITIGATION UNIT
Within the Civil Litigation Division, the Correctional Litigation Unit is responsible for the representation of state's attorneys in any lawsuit challenging their official actions, and of sheriffs where the matter involves correctional matters. The Unit also represents State officials and employees who are sued in State or federal courts by prisoners for violations of their constitutional rights in Maryland prisons.

CIVIL RIGHTS DIVISION

Under the Division is the Special Education Ombudsman.

SPECIAL EDUCATION OMBUDSMAN
In July 2020, the Special Education Ombudsman was authorized within the Attorney General's Office by the General Assembly (Chapter 562, Acts of 2020). In 2023, this office was placed within the Civil Rights Division.

To parents, students, and educators, the Special Education Ombudsman provides information and support on special education rights and services, and is a source of knowledge concerning federal and State laws, regulations, and rules that cover educating students with disabilities. Further, the Special Education Ombudsman provides impartial advice on how to navigate the process of getting evaluations and services, and how to resolve any disagreements or disputes.

The Special Education Ombudsman is appointed by the Attorney General (Code State Government Article, secs. 6-501 through 6-506).

CONTRACT LITIGATION DIVISION

In litigation over disputes relating to State contracts and the award of State contracts under the State General Procurement Law, the Division represents State agencies, particularly the Department of General Services, the Department of Transportation, and the University System of Maryland (Code State Finance & Procurement Article, secs. 11-101 through 19-120). The Division also advises agencies on procurement issues, such as the structuring of procurement solicitations, drafting of contract provisions and procurement regulations, the proper formulation of State claims, and State response to contractor claims.

COURTS & JUDICIAL AFFAIRS DIVISION

The Courts and Judicial Affairs Division represents and advises the Judicial Branch of State government. As such, it serves as counsel to the Supreme Court of Maryland, the Appellate Court of Maryland, each Circuit Court, the District Court of Maryland, and the twenty-two Orphans' Courts. The Division also represents and advises the clerks of each court (including the elected clerk of the circuit court for each county), and the Registers of Wills for each county, as well as individual State judges. Moreover, the Division advises and represents court-related agencies, such as the Administrative Office of the Courts, the Standing Committee on Rules of Practice and Procedure, the Commission on Judicial Disabilities, the Attorney Grievance Commission, the Client Protection Fund, and the State Board of Law Examiners. In addition, the Division represents certain independent executive agencies that perform quasi-judicial functions, including the Maryland Tax Court and the Office of Administrative Hearings.

GENERAL ASSEMBLY COUNSEL

Created in 1976, the Office of the General Assembly Counsel provides prompt and authoritative legal advice to legislators in the General Assembly, the Department of Legislative Services, and the Governor's Legislative Office.

All bills passed by the General Assembly are reviewed for constitutionality and legal sufficiency by the Office of General Assembly Counsel, and defended by the Office in court when necessary. The Office also participates in significant constitutional and civil rights litigation.

Thurgood Marshall statue at Legislative Services Building entrance, Lawyers' Mall, Annapolis, Maryland, August 2010. Photo by Diane F. Evartt

OPINIONS & ADVICE DIVISION

DEPUTY ATTORNEY GENERAL

ANTITRUST DIVISION

The Division enforces the Maryland Antitrust Act which governs restraints of trade, unfair competition, monopolies, and other acts or practices that restrain or tend to restrain trade and commerce within the State. The Act calls for both civil and criminal enforcement of its provisions and permits the Attorney General to cooperate with officials of the federal government and the several states in enforcing antitrust laws (Code Commercial Law Article, secs. 11-201 through 11-213).

DIVISION OF CONSUMER PROTECTION

The Division oversees the control and regulation of unfair and deceptive trade practices. Through court litigation, administrative hearings, complaint mediation, and arbitration, the Division enforces civil remedies. It also recommends legislation to the Governor and the General Assembly to protect the public from fraudulent schemes and promotions.

Information about violations of laws affecting consumers is reported by the Division to other law enforcement authorities. Publishing educational materials for the public, the Division encourages business and industry to maintain high standards of honesty, fair business practices, and public responsibility in the production, promotion, and sale of consumer goods and services (Code Commercial Law Article, secs. 13-101 through 13-501).

The Division oversees eleven units: Arbitration; Education; False Claims; Health Club Registration; Health Education and Advocacy; Home Builder and Home Builder Sales Representative Registration; Housing; Identity Theft; Investigative; Mediation; and Opioids Enforcement. The Consumer Protection Commission assists the Division.

CONSUMER PROTECTION COMMISSION
As part of the Division of Consumer Protection, the Consumer Protection Commission started in 1974 as the Consumer Council (Chapter 609, Acts of 1974). The General Assembly renamed it the Consumer Protection Commission in October 2024 (Chapter 482, Acts of 2024).

The Commission advises the Division of Consumer Protection, undertakes studies and reports, and fosters cooperation among federal, State and local agencies, and private groups.

Ten members constitute the Commission. Nine are appointed for six-year terms by the Governor with Senate advice and consent. One serves ex officio (Code Commercial Law Article, sec. 13-202).

HEALTH CLUB REGISTRATION UNIT
Under the Division of Consumer Protection, the Health Club Registration Unit started in 1986.

Each person who sells health club services in Maryland must register with the Division of Consumer Protection and renew that registration annually. Health club services include health spa, figure salon, weight reduction center, self defense school, or other physical culture service enterprises offering facilities to preserve, maintain, encourage, or develop physical fitness or physical well-being.

The Health Club Registration Unit registers Maryland health clubs and ensures that they are properly bonded (Code Commercial Law Article, secs. 14-12B-01 through 14-12B-08).

HEALTH EDUCATION & ADVOCACY UNIT
Within the Division of Consumer Protection, the Health Education and Advocacy Unit was established by the General Assembly in 1986 (Chapters 296 and 565, Acts of 1986).

The Health Education and Advocacy Unit implements an educational and advocacy program enabling citizens to make informed choices in the health marketplace and participate in decisions concerning their health care. The Unit helps people understand health-care bills and third-party coverage, identify improper billing or coverage determinations, and report such problems to appropriate agencies, insurers, or providers. Concerns raised about health care may be referred by the Unit to professional, licensing or disciplinary bodies. To government officers and agencies, the Unit also may recommend measures for promoting the interests of consumers in the health marketplace (Code Commercial Law Article, secs. 13-4A-01 through 13-4A-04).

HOME BUILDER & HOME BUILDER SALES REPRESENTATIVE REGISTRATION UNIT
In January 2001, the Home Builder Registration Unit was established by the General Assembly within the Division of Consumer Protection (Chapter 522, Acts of 2000). The Unit assumed its present name in October 2008 (Chapters 480 & 481, Acts of 2008; Code Business Regulation Article, secs. 4.5-201 through 4.5-203).

All new home builders and home builder sales representatives must register with the Home Builder and Home Builder Sales Representative Registration Unit and renew that registration every two years. The Unit maintains a list of all persons registered to build new homes.

The Division of Consumer Protection administers the Home Builder Registration Fund which is used to cover the costs of administering and enforcing the Maryland Home Builder Registration Act (Code Business Regulation Article, sec. 4.5-203). Since January 2009, the Division also has administered the Home Builder Guaranty Fund, which compensates eligible claimants for losses incurred by actions or omissions of a registered home builder or home builder sales representative (Chapters 480 & 481, Acts of 2008).

IDENTITY THEFT UNIT
Since 2007, the General Assembly requires that companies which have a breach of personally identifiable information must notify the Attorney General and the customers affected by that breach (Chapters 531 & 532, Acts of 2007; Code Commercial Law Article, secs. 14-3501 through 14-3508). Notification is done through the Identity Theft Unit of the Division of Consumer Protection. Since 2012, the Identity Theft Unit has been posting breach notices online.

INVESTIGATIVE UNIT
In cases involving unfair or deceptive trade practices, the Investigative Unit investigates and brings actions, when appropriate.

MEDIATION UNIT
From the merger of the Arbitration Unit and the Complaint Handling Unit, the Mediation Unit was created in 1997.

The Meditation Unit conciliates disputes between consumers and businesses (Code Commercial Law Article, secs. 13-401, 13-402).

DIVISION OF SECURITIES

The main purpose of the Division of Securities is to protect Maryland investors from investment fraud and misrepresentation.

Appointed by the Attorney General, the Securities Commissioner oversees the Division. The Securities Commissioner and the Division administer and enforce several Maryland laws, including the Maryland Securities Act, the Franchise Registration and Disclosure Law, and the Business Opportunities Sales Act.

Business Opportunities. Business opportunities are prepackaged small business deals offered mainly to novice entrepreneurs. Under the Maryland Business Opportunity Act, such "deals" are regulated by the Division of Consumer Protection (Code Business Regulation Article, secs. 14-101 through 14-129).

Financial Planners. Under the federal National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996, investment advisors must register with the Division of Consumer Protection.

Franchises. Under the Franchise Registration and Disclosure Law, any person or company intending to offer or sell franchises within Maryland or to Maryland residents must register the offering with the Division of Consumer Protection (Code Business Regulation Article, secs. 14-201 through 14-233).

Securities. Under the Securities Act, a licensing requirement (subject to annual renewals) is imposed on persons engaged in the sale of securities (Code Corporations & Associations Article, secs. 11-301 through 11-805).

Stockbrokers. Any broker-dealer (stock brokerage firm) that solicits or conducts business in Maryland must register with the Division of Consumer Protection (Code Corporations & Associations Article, secs. 11-401 through 11-417).

Administration of these acts involves a substantive scheme of regulation imposed by statute and by rule requiring the registration of investment opportunities prior to their offer and sale to the public. Through a comprehensive statutory framework imposing administrative, civil and criminal standards, the Division enforces these laws. The Division uses investigatory powers, administrative hearings and administrative orders, litigation in State and federal courts, and cooperative efforts with state's attorneys and assistant attorneys general in criminal matters.

DEPUTY ATTORNEY GENERAL

CRIMINAL DIVISION

The Criminal Division is authorized by the Governor to investigate and prosecute a broad range of criminal acts occurring against and within State government (Const., Art. V, sec. 3).

Crimes by State employees, fraud against the State, multicounty frauds, public corruption, and criminal violations of State tax laws are the focus of the Division. The Division also investigates and prosecutes white collar crime, gun trafficking, insurance fraud, and multijurisdictional crimes. In addition, the Division assists state's attorneys when they need additional resources or special expertise in a complex criminal investigation.

Under the Criminal Division are five units: Environmental and Natural Resources Crimes; Insurance Fraud; Mortgage Servicing Settlement; Organized Crime; and U.S. Attorney's Office. The Division is aided by the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic Heroin Task Force.

NORTHEAST & MID-ATLANTIC HEROIN TASK FORCE
In February 2015, Maryland's Attorney General joined the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic Heroin Task Force. The Task Force was initiated in October 2014 by the Attorneys General of New York and Pennsylvania. Since then, Maine, Massachusetts, and New Jersey also have joined the Task Force.

To combat the spreading problem of heroin abuse and its distribution across state lines, the Task Force will direct resources of member states to stop the flow of heroin across jurisdictions and cut the supply chain through collaboration and sharing of information.

ENVIRONMENTAL & NATURAL RESOURCES CRIMES UNIT
The Environmental and Natural Resources Crimes Unit started as the Environmental Crimes Unit, and was authorized by the General Assembly under its present name in October 2023 (Chapter 689, Acts of 2023).

The Unit investigates and prosecutes environmental and natural resources crimes. Unit work is conducted by prosecutors from the Attorney General's Office, and investigators from the Department of State Police (Code State Government Article, secs. 6-701 through 6-703).

INSURANCE FRAUD UNIT

ORGANIZED CRIME UNIT
Within the Criminal Division, the Organized Crime Unit was initiated in 2015.

CRIMINAL APPEALS DIVISION

The Division represents the State in all criminal matters before the Supreme Court of Maryland, the Appellate Court of Maryland, and the federal courts at all levels, including the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, and the U.S. Supreme Court. The Division also advises state's attorneys and other law enforcement personnel on legal matters.

INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATIONS DIVISION

The Division is charged with investigating all alleged or potential police-involved deaths of civilians. When such an investigation takes place, a report containing detailed investigative findings is provided by the Division to the State’s Attorney of the county that has jurisdiction to prosecute the matter. The Division does not decide whether to prosecute an involved officer, and does not bring criminal charges. Rather, under State law, the local State's Attorney retains sole prosecutorial authority (Chapter 632, Acts of 2023; Code State Government Article, secs. 6-601 through 6-604).

DEPUTY ATTORNEY GENERAL

The Unit investigates and, where appropriate, prosecutes allegations of fraud by physicians, dentists, nursing homes, hospitals, pharmacies, and other health care providers receiving funds from the Maryland Medical Assistance Program (Medicaid). The Unit also investigates and prosecutes the abuse and neglect of vulnerable adults residing in Medicaid-funded facilities. Seventy-five percent of the operating funds of the Unit come from federal sources.

HEALTH DECISIONS POLICY DIVISION

To health care providers, and patients and their families, the Division provides information and advice about health care planning, including advance directives, appointment of health care proxies, and end-of-life care. The Division also supports initiatives on issues related to individual rights in the health care system, and provides legal opinions and letters of advice concerning the provisions of the Health Care Decisions Act (Chapter 372, Acts of 1993; Code Health-General, sec. 5-601 to 5-626).

HEALTH OCCUPATIONS PROSECUTION & LITIGATION DIVISION

The Divison prosecutes disciplinary cases against health care professionals referred by the professional licensing boards of the Maryland Department of Health. Most cases concern violations of standards of care, unprofessional conduct, substance abuse, incompetence, and fraud.

300 West Preston St., Baltimore, Maryland, October 2019. Photo by Diane F. Evartt.

HIGHER EDUCATION DIVISION

The Division represents all State educational agencies, institutions, boards, and commissions, including the State Department of Education, the University System of Maryland, the Maryland Higher Education Commission, Morgan State University, St. Mary's College of Maryland, Baltimore City Community College, and the Maryland Public Broadcasting Commission. As counsel to these schools and agencies, Division attorneys conduct court litigation and administrative proceedings, and provide advice and preventive law counseling.

PEOPLE'S INSURANCE COUNSEL DIVISION

Before the Maryland Insurance Commissioner, and before federal and State courts, the Division represents the interests of Maryland insurance consumers.

Matters pending before the Maryland Insurance Commissioner are evaluated by the Division to determine whether the interests of insurance consumers are affected adversely. To guard against excessive or unfair rate-making, the Division must review any proposal increase of 10 percent or more filed by a medical professional liability insurer or homeowner insurer. The Division has rights of counsel to a party in any proceeding.

The People's Insurance Counsel Fund pays the expenses of the Division. The Fund is financed by an assessment on insurers.

Appointed by the Attorney General with Senate advice and consent, the People's Insurance Counsel must be an attorney-at-law of the State, have expertise in the insurance business, and may not have an official relationship with or pecuniary interest in an insurer (Code State Government Article, secs. 6-301 through 6-308).

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