Maryland's consumption of energy is more than five times greater than its production, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
Montgomery Park Business Center, 1800 Washington Blvd., Baltimore, Maryland, February 2004. Photo by Diane F. Evartt.
Maryland was ranked seventh in the nation in the 2022 State Energy Efficiency Scorecard by the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy.
The Maryland Energy Administration is the chief energy authority in the State. It coordinates and oversees State and local programs, while increasing renewable energy production.
Energy Chick, Maryland Energy Administration, at former location, 60 West St., Annapolis, Maryland, May 2014. Photo by Diane F. Evartt.
Chalk Point Generating Station, Aquasco, Maryland, March 2019. Photo by Diane F. Evartt.
In Calvert County, Calvert Cliffs is the only nuclear power plant in Maryland.
NATURAL GAS
As of 2022, about 36% of the State's electricity came from natural gas.
In Western Maryland, some natural gas is produced from wells in Garrett and Allegany counties. While it now comes from older wells, large natural gas reserves also are found in the Marcellus Shale, a rock formation in the Appalachian mountain areas of Garrett and Allegany counties. Proposals had been made to extract these reserves by hydraulic fracturing or "fracking." Fracking is a procedure by which pressurized water, sand, and chemicals are injected into a rock, causing it to break apart and release the gas inside.
In 2015, the General Assembly prohibited fracking in Maryland for two years, and required the Department of the Environment to adopt fracking regulations by October 1, 2016 (Chapter 481, Acts of 2015). Effective October 1, 2017, fracking is banned statewide (Chapter 13, Acts of 2017).
COAL
In 2022, some 12% of all energy produced in Maryland came from coal. Since coal is found in state, Maryland benefits greatly when local plants purchase local coal, which is done with slightly more than half of the coal mined. Maryland coal is taken from surface and deep mines in Allegany and Garrett Counties. These mines are inspected monthly by the Coal Mining Division of the Department of the Environment.
Oil tank, Locust Point, Baltimore, Maryland, June 2019. Photo by Diane F. Evartt.
Since 2017, some 75% of renewable energy consumed in Maryland is imported. Local sources have been proposed, including the federal Renewable Energy Framework of 2009, which allows states to form task forces to participate in the planning process for offshore energy leasing (Code of Federal Regulations, Title 30, part 285).
Energy Chick, Maryland Energy Administration, at former location, 60 West St., Annapolis, Maryland, May 2014. Photo by Diane F. Evartt.
Solar photovoltaic systems use solar panels to convert light into electricity. Many businesses and residences have installed solar panels, which, depending on the kilowatt or megawatt capacity, can provide most or all of their required electrical needs.
Solar panels, Community College of Baltimore County, Catonsville, Maryland, May 2019. Photo by Diane F. Evartt.
On March 28, 2011, the University of Maryland Eastern Shore, activated a solar energy facility covering 17 acres. The farm was constructed in cooperation with SunEdison, which will be responsible for its operation. Designed to last for approximately 20 years, the farm will produce enough energy to completely power more than 300 homes each year. In 2022, Maryland's largest solar operation, capable of producing 80 megawatts, opened on the Eastern Shore.
HYDROELECTRICITY
Hydroelectricity, or the production of electricity by moving water, is the second largest source of renewable energy in Maryland. In 2022, it made up nearly two-fifths of Maryland's 12% renewable electricity. The Conowingo Hydroelectric Generating Station on the Susquehanna River supplies the majority of the State's hydroelectric power, 572 megawatts.
Wind turbines, east of Oakland, Garrett County, Maryland, April 2022. Photo by Sarah A. Hanks.
In October 2021, Ørsted and Crystal Steel in Caroline County announced Maryland's first steel fabrication center for offshore wind turbines. While components are made on the Eastern Shore, final assembly will take place at Sparrows Point, Baltimore County.
To build and assemble wind turbines, U.S. Wind announced plans in August 2021 for a steel factory - Sparrows Point Steel - at the former Bethlehem Steel site in Baltimore County.
BIOMASS
In 2022, biomass generated about 7% of Maryland's renewable energy. Two facilities, located in Montgomery County and in Baltimore, produce about 70% of Maryland's biomass energy.
Biomass is organic matter, such as wood, crop and food waste, and sewage and manure, that is used as fuel. When the material is burned, the energy is released. Biomass is either burned or it is converted to liquid biofuels, including ethanol, or biogas, such as methane gas. Facilities in Maryland produce nearly 3 million tons of biomass each year primarily using gas from landfills, wood and municipal waste.
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