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1868.] OF THE SENATE. 319 and encouragement to persons engaged in armed hostility against the United States, and is therefore not entitled to take the oath of office as a Senator of the United States for the State of Maryland, or to hold a seat as such Senator." AND WHEREAS, in a matter of so great importance, it is due to ourselves and our posterity, that the dignity and consti- tutional rights of this State should be vindicated by a righ- teous and manly protest against wrong and encroachment, and against all unauthorized denial of our just representation in the General Congress of the States ; therefore, be it Resolved by the General assembly of Maryland, That the action of the Senate of the United States in excluding the Hon. Philip F. Thomas, a Senator from this State, from his seat in the Senate, is a violation of the Constitution of the United States, and derogatory to the dignity of this State and its just rights of representation; for these, amongst other reasons: That it is manifest by the resolution of the Senate, that no . question arose of the regularity of his election or the retarns thereof; but the cause of his exclusion is confined to his qualifications as a Senator. That while the Constitution of the United States delegates to the Senate the power to judge of the qualifications of its own members, those qualifications are by express limitation and delegation of the Constitution, restricted to their "hav- ing attained the age of thirty years, having been nine years citizens of the United States, and when elected, inhabitants of the States from which they are chosen." " That the powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people." That any other qualifications of a Senator, not enumerated in the Constitution, are reserved to "the judgment of the States respectively, or to the people," and the power to judge thereof is not delegated to the United States. That the disqualification alleged against the Senator of Maryland, is one not recognized or enumerated in the Con- stitution of the United States. That the Senate of the United States, by its resolution ex- cluding the Senator of Maryland, have adjudged him guilty of a high crime, "without the presentment or endictment of a grand jury or a trial by jury, and without due process of law," and it has removed him from "a civil office without impeachment or conviction of any high crime or misde- meanor," in manifest violation of the powers limited and delegated to it by the Constitution of the United States. |
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