AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION 969

Let me say, before turning to a few specifics which I believe to be
of great importance, that these goals will not be achieved by the piece-
meal action of a single program, or by the Federal government alone,
or by governments at all levels acting together.

It has become commonplace to say that the resources of private en-
terprise must be committed to the solution of urban problems. It's
true, and it's worth saying again. But in fact all the resources of
society must be brought to bear — including those of the academic
community and of our youth.

I think particularly of two great needs — the need for information
about our cities and their people; and the need for skilled, devoted,
compassionate people who will make programs work. One of the
handicaps in coping with urban problems is paucity of information
and lack of understanding. Another is a shortage of people willing
to give more than lip service to ghetto-dwellers.

On the first point — lack of essential information — I quote from a
recent study of the Library of Congress on "Rural to Urban Migration
in the United States": "Little is known about the characteristics of
migrants. There are virtually no data for rural non-farm migration
and very little information on where the fanner migrant actually
went. " When we look for facts about the cities, we rely chiefly on a
census taken eight years ago, a census which failed to even count
millions of Americans who live a shadowy existence in the cities.

It would seem to me that a special and highly sophisticated current
census of urban slums is needed for intelligent attack on urban prob-
lems. Beyond this, I can think of a long list of useful subjects of
study which social scientists can undertake in their own communities,
and you can think of an even longer list, I am sure.

I think you in this audience can do something, too, to guide the
restless energy and the generous spirit of American youth — concerned
today as never before about social change — to guide it toward service
that will help erase the shame of slums from the American scene.

I conclude with a pet notion born of considerable experience in
seeking to govern a suburban county and a State that includes a city
of close to one million people.

You have heard me speak of the need to thin out the population of
existing older cities as a major part of the strategy for better cities.
Looking ahead, we must also plan for decent living conditions for
the 100, 000, 000 new Americans who will be added to our population