970 ADDRESSES AND STATE PAPERS

between now and the year 2000. The overwhelming majority of them
will be city dwellers. We cannot dump them into existing cities or
hinge them to cities in more unplanned suburbs. We must plan new
towns as the alternative to more urban blight and more suburban
sprawl.

An inner city should operate primarily as a cultural-commercial-
communications core. It should be a place where people work and
play, the market place and entertainment center of a metropolitan
area. Its industry should be highly selective — only that requiring
central city location, such as port, railroad and airport oriented func-
tions. It should include great educational, cultural and recreational
facilities. It should not be primarily a residential center. Housing
should be available for those who want the dynamic tempo of city
life, rather than be an externally imposed necessity for those restricted
by economics or prejudice from suburban living.

Ideally, many new cities would surround but not border the inner
city. These communities would offer diversified housing, community
services and employment. No satellite should contain a dispropor-
tionate mix of housing or industry but each should have a balance
to provide a solid economic base. What I am describing is today
taking shape in the Maryland countryside near Baltimore — the city
of Columbia, founded and sponsored solely by private enterprise.

Columbia comprises 14, 000 acres and is scheduled for completion
in 1980 as a balanced city of 100, 000 people. It will provide employ-
ment for 30, 000 people and will house an equal number of families.
It will have 50 schools, 70 churches, a college, hospital, and library
system.

It will be a city consisting of seven contiguous towns — each with
its own schools, churches, stores, and services centered at a village
green. The towns will be separated — and united — by 3, 200 acres
of permanent open spaces. Five lakes, which are now being built,
stream valleys, forests, 26 miles of riding trails, parks, and recreation
areas will interlace the entire city.

Downtown will have a 30 acre lake as its front yard, and a 40 acre
forest on one side. The villages will be connected to one another and
the downtown, and to employment centers, by a bus system running on
its own right-of-way, separated from pedestrians and automobiles.
Doesn't this kind of planning for places of scale and beauty make
more sense than perpetuating the social frustration caused by impac-
tion of our old cities?