WM. PRESTON LANE, JR., GOVERNOR. 1047

ventilated with intake air. At mines now operating with
only one free passageway to the surface, immediate action
shall be taken to provide a second passageway.

Where the designated escapeways are shafts:

1. They shall be equipped with hoist and cage, or with
travelable stairways, or ladders. No shaft more than 30
feet deep sunk after the effective date of this act shall
be equipped with ladders.

2. Stairways shall be of substantial construction, set
at an angle not greater than 45° with the horizontal, and
equipped on at least one side with a suitable handrail;
landing platforms shall be at least 2 feet wide and 4 feet
long and shall be railed properly.

3. Ladders shall be anchored securely.

4. Where ladders, or stairways set at an angle greater
than 45°, are now installed, their use may be continued
provided they are of substantial construction, with plat-
forms at intervals of not more than 30 feet and equipped
with a hand rail in the case of stairways. If a designated
escapeway is a slope of not more than 45°, it shall be
equipped with a stairway or adequate walkway with cleats.
If the slope is more than 45°, stairways shall be installed.
Direction signs shall be posted conspicuously to indicate
manways and designated escapeways.

78 (a) Timbering system. Minimum standards for
systematic timbering suitable to the roof conditions and
mining system of each mine shall be adopted. The mini-
mum standards of timbering shall be complied with by
workmen and officials, and additional timbering shall be
done wherever it is necessary to afford adequate protection.

(b) Timber supply and timbering. At each mine, the
management shall provide at or near the face workings
an ample supply of timber and cap pieces or wedges of
proper size with which to timber all working places in a safe
manner.

Temporary safety posts, jacks, or cross bars shall be
set close to the face when necessary, before other mining
operations are begun, and as needed thereafter.

All underground working places shall be timbered suf-
ficiently to protect employees working at the face from
falls of roof, ribs, or face. Loose top and overhanging or
loose faces and ribs shall be either timbered adequately
or taken down.