quested, proved sources of persistent disruption.¹⁶ A
more charismatic leader than Leonard Calvert might
have been able to manage these conflicts.

   Calvert's tenure as governor ended in near disaster. A
Protestant rebellion in 1645, initiated by an English sea
captain, Richard Ingle, almost destroyed the colony.
Whether any leader could have prevented this catastro-
phe, which was closely tied to the triumph of Parliament
over Charles I in England, remains an open question.¹⁷
Calvert did not manage to regain control until late in
1646 and he died early the next year. By then Maryland
had lost most of its settlers, who no longer saw there an
orderly community in which hard work might bring
prosperity. Lord Baltimore had to begin anew with new
leaders, new colonists, and a quite different strategy.¹⁸

   Little is known about Leonard Calvert's personal life.
At his death he left a son and daughter in England, both
underage as late as 1661. They must have been con-
ceived when Leonard was in England in 1643 and early
1644, but to date no one has found a record of his mar-
riage or when the children were born. Leonard Calvert
made no mention of wife or children in the will he made
on his deathbed in 1647. Possibly the children were ille-
gitimate, but in Maryland no such scandal appears on
record. There Leonard Calvert put his energies into gov-
erning and, with limited success, into developing his
manor lands.

   Thomas Cornwallis was also a man of ability and per-
haps of greater enterprise than Leonard Calvert. He was
a member of the Council from his arrival in Maryland in
1634 until late in 1642. Before corning to Maryland, he
must have acquired some military experience. Governor
Calvert relied on him to train the male inhabitants in the