48 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.

tices v. Murray, 9 Wall. 274. Edwards v. Elliott et al., 21 Wall 532.
Pearson v Yewdall, 95 U. S 294 McElrath v United States, 102 U S 426.
Callan v Wilson, 127 U. S. 540. Ark. Valley Land and Cattle Co. v. Mann,
130 U S. 69 Whitehead v. Shattuck, 138 U. S. 146. Scott v. Neely, 140 U.
S 106. Cates v Allen, 149 U S 451 Chappell v U. S , 160 U. S 499
Coughran v Bigelow, 164 U S 301. Chicago, &c R R Co v Chicago, 166
U S. 226. Amer Pub Co. v. Fisher, 166 U. S 464 Guthrie Ntl. Bank v
Guthrie, 173 U S. 528.

ARTICLE VIII.

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines
imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

Pervear v. Commonwealth, 5 Wall. 475 Manning v. French, 133 U. S.
186. Ellenbecker v. Plymouth County, 134 U. S. 31. In re Kemmler, 136
U S 436 McElvame v. Brush, 142 U. S. 155. O'Neill v. Vermont, 144 U.
S 323 McDonald v. Massachusetts, 180 U S. 311. Howard v Fleming
Howard v. N. C., 191 U. S. 126.

ARTICLE IX.

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall
not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the
people.
Lessee of Livingston v. Moore et al., 7 Pet. 469.

ARTICLE X.

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Con-
stitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the
States respectively, or to the people.

Chisholm, ex , v. State of Georgia, 2 Dall 419. Hollingsworth et al v
The State of Virginia, 3 Dall. 378. Martin v Hunter's Lessee, 1 Wh 304.
McCulloch v State of Maryland, 4 Wh. 316. Anderson v. Dunn, 6 Wh 204.
Cohen v Virginia, 6 Wh. 264. Osborn v. United States Bank, 9 Wh. 738.
Buchler v Finley, 2 Pet. 586. Ableman v. Booth, 21 How. 506. The Col-
lector v. Day, 11 Wall 113. Claflin v Houseman, assignee, 93 U S. 130.
Inman Steamship Company v. Tinker, 94 U. S. 238. Church v Kelsey, 121
U. S 282 Ouachita Packet Co v. Aiken, 121 U S 444 W. U. Tel. Co v
Pendleton, 122 U S 347. Bowman v Chicago and Northwestern Rwy Co ,
125 U S. 465 Mahon v Justice, 127 U. S. 700. Leisy v. Hardin, 135 U. S
100. Manchester v. Mass., 139 U. S 240. Pollock v Farmers' Loan &
Trust Co., 157 U. S 429.

ARTICLE XI.*

The Judicial power of the United States shall not be con-
strued to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or

*The eleventh amendment to the Constitution of the United States was
proposed to the legislatures of the several States by the Third Congress,
on the 5th of March, 1794; and was declared in a message from the Presi-
dent to Congress, dated the 8th of January, 1798, to have been ratified by
the legislatures of three-fourths of the States.