10 /Maryland at a Glance

truck, or mailed to the local library. The public
checked out over 47.5 million items in 1992.

Archives and Special Libraries. Maryland records of
State and local government, dating from 1634 to the
1990s, are housed at the State Archives in the new
Hall of Records building at Annapolis. The State
Archives also holds special collections of maps, news-
papers, photographs, State publications and reports,
business records, records of religious bodies, and pri-
vate papers. Many federal government records will be
found at the National Archives at College Park, Mary-
land. The College Park facility, known as Archives II,
is scheduled to open in May 1994. Special libraries of
note include Enoch Pratt Free Library, and the Johns
Hopkins University Libraries, Baltimore; the State
Law Library, and Nimitz Library of the U.S. Naval
Academy, Annapolis; National Library of Medicine,
Bethesda; University of Maryland Libraries, College
Park; the Libraries of the National Institute of Justice,
and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra-
tion, Rockville; and U.S. Bureau of the Census Li-
brary, Suitland.

MEDICAL CARE, 1992

Physicians ......................... 19,426
Registered nurses ................... 53,000
Practical nurses..................... 10,000
Dentists ........................... 3,835
Dental hygienists .................... 1,939
Dietitians .......................... 1,370
Professional counselors. ............... 1,343

Hospitals ............................. 82
Emergency (shock trauma) centers, including
a regional trauma center for children ...... 5
Nursing homes (comprehensive care) ...... 230
Alcoholic intermediate care facilities......... 40
Domiciliary care homes ................. 586
Residential treatment centers for emotionally
disturbed youth...................... 13
Adult day care centers ................... 47
Developmental disabilities community
program facilities.................. 1,648
Outpatient drug & alcohol abuse centers ...... 270
Rehabilitation facilities .................. 210
Mental health outpatient community
programs .......................... 152
Home health agencies .................. 125
End-stage renal dialysis units .............. 67
Ambulatory surgical centers............... 70
Health maintenance organizations .......... 22
Hospice programs ...................... 38
Rural health clinics ....................... 2
Correctional facility health centers ........... 7
Clinical laboratories .................. 2,484

Maryland medical institutions have been recog-
nized as vital contributors to medical research and
discovery since the College of Medicine (now part
of the University of Maryland System) was char-
tered in 1807 and pioneered in preventive medicine.
As early as 1853, a researcher at that institution
advanced the diagnosis of cancer by identifying
malignant cells with a microscope. The Johns Hop-
kins Hospital, founded in 1889, has revolutionized
medical education. Physicians there opened the first
school of public health; standardized surgical tech-
niques for specific procedures; initiated the use of
rubber gloves and nerve-blocking anesthesia; dis-
covered vitamins A, B, and D; and, more recently,
catalogued genetic traits. University Hospital in
Baltimore opened the nations's first shock trauma
unit in 1961. The Shock Trauma Center has devel-
oped lifesaving methods of trauma management; it
remains in the forefront as the hub of the State's
emergency medical services system, admitting over
3,000 critically injured or ill patients per year. The
Johns Hopkins Children's Center, opened in 1964,
serves as the regional shock trauma center for chil-
dren, developing equipment and diagnostic and
treatment techniques specialized for their emer-
gency care.

The National Institutes of Health in Bethesda carry
on this innovative research tradition, as does the
National Cancer Institute's Laboratory of Tumor
Cell Biology in Bethesda where trailblazing AIDS
research is underway.

Maryland also is the site of the world's first institu-
tion of dental education, the Baltimore College of
Dental Surgery, which opened in Baltimore in
1840. The College is now the School of Dentistry
at the University of Maryland at Baltimore.

The Maryland Medical Care Programs enable per-
sons below certain income levels to receive medi-
cally necessary services through enrollment in
Medical Assistance and Pharmacy Assistance, which
reimburse participating health care professionals
and facilities. In 1992, the Medical Assistance Pro-
gram (Medicaid), funded jointly by the State and
federal governments, averaged monthly enroll-
ments of 429,334 persons, or 8.9% of the State's
population. The State-funded Pharmacy Assistance
Program averaged monthly enrollments of 16,578
persons who were not eligible for Medicaid and
could not afford prescriptions and other pharma-
ceuticals.

THE ARTS

The arts reflect Maryland's geographic and cultural
diversity from traditional Appalachian fiddle music
in Western Maryland and African-American quilt-
ing on the lower Eastern Shore to experimental
performance and media arts in metropolitan areas
surrounding Washington, DC, and Baltimore City.