Art. 4. That the People of this State have the sole and ex-
clusive right of regulating the internal government and po-
lice thereof as a free, sovereign and independent State.
Art. 5. That the inhabitants of Maryland are entitled to

the Common Law of England, and the trial by Jury, accord-
ing to the course of that law, and to the benefit of such of the
English statutes as existed on the Fourth day of July, seven-
teen hundred and seventy-six; and which, by experience, have
been found applicable to their local and other circumstances,
And have been introduced, used. and practiced by the Courts
of Law or Equity; and also of all Acts of Assembly in force

on the first day of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven;
except such as may have since expired, or may be inconsistent
with the provisions of this Constitution; subject, nevertheless,
to the revision of, and amendment or repeal by, the Legisla-
ture of this State. And the Inhabitants of Maryland are also
entitled to all property derived to them from or under the
Charter granted by His Majesty, Charles the First, to Caecilius
Calvert, Baron of Baltimore.

State vs. Buchanan, 5 H. & J., 317. Dashiell vs. Attorney General,
5 H. & J., 401. State vs. Wayman, 2 G. & J., 254. State vs. Bank of
Maryland, 6 G. & J„ 205. Smith vs. State, 5 Gill, 45. Wright vs.
Wright's Lessee, 2 Md., 429. Manly vs. State, 7 Md., 135. Broadbent
vs. State, 7 Md., 416. Stewart vs. Mayor, &c., of Balto., 7 Md., 500.
Eichelberger vs. Hardesty, 15 Md, 548. Pro vs. Hetzell 16 Md., 589.
Koontz vs. Nabb, 16 Md., 549. McCoy vs. Johnson, 70 Md., 490. Ford
vs. State, 85 Md., 465. Knee vs. City Pus. Ry„ 87 Ud„ 625. Danner
vs. State, 89 Md., 225. In re Maddox, 98 Md., 727. Beasley vs. Ridout,
94 Md., 659.

Art. 6. That all persons invested with the Legislative or
Executive powers of Government are Trustees of the Public,
and as such, accountable for their conduct: "Wherefore,

whenever the ends of Government are perverted, and public
liberty manifestly endangered, and all other means of redress
are ineffectual, the People may, and of right ought to reform
the old, or establish a new Government; the doctrine of non-resistance
against arbitrary power and oppression is absurd,
slavish and destructive of the good and happiness of mankind.

Art. 7. That the right of the People to participate in the
Legislature is the best security of liberty and the founda-

tion of all free Government; for this purpose elections ought

to be free and frequent, and every white* male citizen having
the qualifications prescribed by the Constitution, ought to have

the right of suffrage.
Bevard vs. Hoffman, 18 Md., 479.

Art. 8. That the Legislative, Executive and Judicial pow-
ers of Government ought to be forever separate and distinct
from each other; and no person exercising the functions of

*The word "white" omitted under the 15th Amendment to the Constitution

of the United States.