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details of them because I think they are contained in

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pages 3, 4 and 5 of the Minority memorandum, but the point

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is that the language has never appeared in any constitu-

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tion of any State of this Union. No one really knows what

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it means, although the Majority has indicated that they

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know at least one specific application of it.

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I would like to close this part of the discus-

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sion by just mentioning that the proposer of this language

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really was Dr. James Coleman of Hopkins University who

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wrote a very famous report last year for the Federal

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Office of Education titled The Quality of Educational

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Opportunity; and I suppose that this would be a source, a

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piece of source material if language like this were

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adopted. He said, in some what the difficulties and com-

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plexity of any solution derived from the premise that our

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society is committed to overcoming not merely inequality

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in the distribution of educational resources, classrooms,

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teachers, libraries, et cetera, but inequality in the

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opportunity for educational achievement; this is a task

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far more ambitious than has ever been attempted by any

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society, not just to offer in a passive way equal access