1776.] OF THE PROVINCE OF MARYLAND. 313

" 18. That the trial of facts where they arise, is one of the great-
est securities of the lives, liberties, and estate of the people.

" 19. That in all criminal prosecutions, every man hath a right
to be informed of the accusation against him, to have a copy of the
indictment or charge in due time (if required) to prepare for his
defence, to be allowed council, to be confronted with the witnesses
against him, to have process for his witnesses, to examine the wit-
nesses for and against him on oath, and to a speedy trial by an im-
partial jury, without whose unanimous consent he ought not to be
found guilty.

"20. That no man ought to be compelled to give evidence
against himself in a court of common law, or in any other court,
but in such cases as have been usually practised in this state, or
may hereafter be directed by the legislature.

" 21. That no freeman ought to be taken, or imprisoned, or dis-
seized of his freehold, liberties or privileges, or outlawed, or exiled,
or in any manner destroyed, or deprived of his life, liberty or pro-
perty, but by the judgment of his peers, or by the law of the land.

"22. That excessive bail ought not to be required, nor exces-
sive fines imposed, nor cruel or unusual punishments inflicted by
the court of law.

"23. That all warrants without oath, or affirmation to search
suspected places, or to seize any person, or property, are grievous
and oppressive; and all general warrants to search suspected places,
or to apprehend suspected persons, without naming or describing
the place, or the person in special, are illegal, and ought not to
be granted.

" 24. That there ought to be no forfeiture of any part of the es-
tate of any person for any crime except murder or treason against
the state, and then only on conviction and attainder.

"25. That a well regulated militia is the proper and natural de-
fence of a free government.

"26. That standing armies are dangerous to liberty, and ought
not to be raised or kept up without consent of the legislature.

"27. That in all cases and at all times the military ought to be
under strict subordination to, and controul of, the civil power.

" 28. That no soldier ought to be quartered in any house in time
of peace without the consent of the owner, and in time of war in
such manner only as the legislature shall direct.

"29. That no person except regular soldiers, mariners and ma-
rines in the service of this state, or militia when in actual service,
ought in any case to be subject to, or punishable by, martial law.

" 30. That the independency and uprightness of judges are es-