Aaron Dumper
MSA SC 3520-17490
Biography:
Aaron Dumper enlisted as a private in Captain Edward Veazey's Seventh Independent Company in 1776, volunteering in the early days of the American Revolution to defend Maryland from a feared British invasion. [1]
Maryland's independent companies were formed in early 1776, and differed from the nine companies that made up Colonel William Smallwood’s First Maryland Regiment. While the Council of Safety, Maryland's Revolutionary executive body, used the nine companies of regular troops to fulfill the state's quota for the Continental Army, it dispatched seven independent companies throughout Southern Maryland and the Eastern Shore to guard the vast shoreline of the Chesapeake Bay. Half of the Seventh Independent Company, probably including Dumper, was stationed on Kent Island, while the rest were sent to Chestertown. In these first months, the company had great difficulty obtaining supplies, including uniforms and weapons. In the summer of 1776, Congress requested additional troops from Maryland to help reinforce the Continental Army, and the state agreed to shift the independent companies to that duty. When the First Maryland Regiment marched for New York in early July, it was accompanied by the Fourth, Fifth and Seventh independent companies; the rest followed later that fall. [2]
The Marylanders arrived in New York in early August, and prepared to protect the city from attack by the British. On August 27, the Americans clashed with the British at the Battle of Brooklyn (also called the Battle of Long Island), the first full-scale encounter of the American Revolution. The battle was a rout: the British were able to sneak around the American lines, and the outflanked Americans fled in disarray. During the retreat, the Maryland troops fought their way towards the American fortifications, but were blocked by the swampy Gowanus Creek. Half the regiment was able to cross the creek to safety. The rest, the Seventh Independent Company among them, were unable to do so before they were attacked by the British. Facing down a much larger, better-trained force, these men, now known as the "Maryland 400," mounted a series of daring charges, which held the British at bay for some time, at the cost of many lives, before being overrun. [3]
The Seventh Independent Company suffered greatly during the battle. Its commander Captain Veazey was killed early in the fighting and two of the company's lieutenants were captured. First Lieutenant William Harrison was the sole officer in the company to escape, and only 36 men avoided death or captivity, just a third of the company. [4]
Dumper survived the Battle of Brooklyn, and probably continued to serve with the Marylanders through the rest of the difficult fall and winter of 1776. While the Maryland troops demonstrated their skill and bravery, the Americans were nevertheless pushed out of New York, and put on the run through New Jersey. Not until late that winter did they secure revitalizing victories at Trenton and Princeton. At some point he left the army without authorization, however, and he was reported as a deserter in a newspaper advertisement in the summer of 1777. [5]
In May 1778, Dumper reenlisted, signing on for a three-year term in the Second Maryland Regiment. The independent companies were reorganized into the Second Maryland at the end of 1776, and many men who had served in them continued on in the new unit. It is not clear that he ever served, however, as his name does not appear on any further records for his company. [6]
Dumper remained with the army until late 1778 or early 1779, when he deserted and returned home to Dorchester County. Desertion was a continual problem for the Continental Army, and in February 1779 the Second Maryland Regiment's commander, Colonel John Steward (himself a veteran of the Battle of Brooklyn) complained that there were more than fifty men missing from his unit: "These men are all at this time in Maryland, and from what I have heard, pass in their ordinary business with impunity." [7] Despite Steward's request that the state work to recover his soldiers, there is no indication that Hill ever returned to the army this time. Men deserted for many reasons, including cowardice, financial distress at home, grievances with officers, or administrative errors, and it is unknown what occurred in the case of Dumper. No other information about his life is known.
Owen Lourie, 2017
Notes:
[1] "One Hundred and Eighty Dollars Reward," The Pennsylvania Journal and Weekly Advertiser (Philadelphia), 2 July 1777.
[2] Mark Andrew Tacyn “’To the End:’ The First Maryland Regiment and the American Revolution” (PhD diss., University of Maryland College Park, 1999), 33-34, 43; Journal of the Maryland Convention and Council of Safety 1775-1776, Archives of Maryland Online, vol. 11, pps. 318, 468; Journal and Correspondence of the Maryland Council of Safety, July-December, 1776, Archives of Maryland Online vol. 12, p. 4.
[3] Tacyn, 48-73. For more on the experience of the Marylanders at the Battle of Brooklyn, see "In Their Own Words," on the Maryland State Archives research blog, Finding the Maryland 400.
[4] Extract of a letter from an officer in the Maryland Battalion, 28 August 1776, American Archives, series 5, vol. 1, p. 1195; Return of the Maryland troops, 27 September 1776, from Fold3.com; Dumper is not included on any known list of prisoners, but may still have been a captive.
[5] "One Hundred and Eighty Dollars Reward."
[6] Original Enlistment Papers, Aaron Dumper, Second Maryland Regiment, 1778, Maryland State Papers, Revolutionary Papers, box 16, no. 41, MdHR 19970-16-41 [MSA S997-16-121, 1/7/3/14]. Dumper is not listed in Muster rolls, Second Maryland Regiment, Eccleston's Company, 1777-1778, Revolutionary War Rolls, NARA M246, folder 9, from Fold3.com.
[7] John Steward to Governor of Maryland, 22 February 1779, Maryland State Papers, Red Books 26:68, MdHR 4593-72/73 [MSA S989-37, 1/6/3/25].
Return to Aaron Dumper's Introductory Page
|
Tell Us What You Think About the Maryland State Archives Website!
|