PARRIS N. GLENDENING, Governor                             Ch. 632

for the court to decide the appropriate punishment if a large number of individuals are
endangered by the same act. See also § 12A-4(d) concerning charging documents for
reckless endangerment.

12A-3. DEFENSES.

A PERSON CHARGED WITH AN OFFENSE UNDER THIS SUBHEADING IS
ENTITLED TO ASSERT ANY JUDICIALLY RECOGNIZED DEFENSE

COMMITTEE NOTE (COMMITTEE TO REVISE ARTICLE 27): This revision
repeals the former Article 27, § 12A which provided immunity for going to the defense of
others. The case of Alexander v. State, 52 Md. App. 171, 447 A.2d 880 (1982), however,
extended this immunity to circumstances where a person reasonably believes that another
is being assaulted. Additionally, there are other defenses available in assault and battery
cases, including self-defense and imperfect self-defense, that were not specified in this
statute.

In the arson and burglary revisions, there is no section dealing with available
defenses. It was implicit in the Committee's draft of the arson and burglary subheadings
that no change was intended to any defenses currently available to a defendant.

The Committee felt that the repeal of former Article 27, § 12A, without any
mention of available defenses, could be interpreted as intending the repeal of those
defenses provided by this section and the Alexander case. The Committee intends under
this revision of the assault laws that the defenses provided by the previous Article 27, §
12A and the Alexander case remain available to a defendant. In addition, the Committee
intends that all other defenses will also remain unchanged under this revision.

12A-4. CHARGING DOCUMENTS.

(A)    IN ANY INDICTMENT, INFORMATION, WARRANT, OR OTHER CHARGING
DOCUMENT FOR ASSAULT OR ANY OTHER OFFENSE UNDER THIS SUBHEADING, IT IS
SUFFICIENT TO USE A FORMULA SUBSTANTIALLY TO THE FOLLOWING EFFECT:

"THAT A-B ON THE ... DAY OF..........., .... IN THE COUNTY (CITY) AFORESAID, DID

UNLAWFULLY ASSAULT C-D IN THE .........DEGREE OR DID (DESCRIBE OTHER

VIOLATION OF THIS SUBHEADING) IN VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 27, SECTION (HERE
STATE SECTION VIOLATED) OF THE ANNOTATED CODE OF MARYLAND; CONTRARY
TO THE FORM OF THE ACT OF THE ASSEMBLY IN SUCH CASE MADE AND PROVIDED
AND AGAINST THE PEACE, GOVERNMENT, AND DIGNITY OF THE STATE."

(B)     IN ANY CASE IN THE CIRCUIT COURT IN WHICH THIS GENERAL FORM OF
INDICTMENT OR INFORMATION IS USED TO CHARGE AN OFFENSE UNDER THIS
SUBHEADING, THE DEFENDANT ON TIMELY DEMAND IS ENTITLED TO A BILL OF
PARTICULARS.

(C)     A CHARGE OF ASSAULT IN THE FIRST DEGREE ALSO CHARGES A
DEFENDANT WITH ASSAULT IN THE SECOND DEGREE

(D)    IN ORDER TO BE FOUND GUILTY OF RECKLESS ENDANGERMENT UNDER §
12A-2 OF THIS SUBHEADING, A DEFENDANT MUST BE SPECIFICALLY CHARGED WITH
RECKLESS ENDANGERMENT.

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