law be construed by reason of its title to grant powers or confer
rights which are not expressly contained in the body of the act.
The General Assembly, in amending any article or section of the
code of laws of this State, shall enact the article, section, or law
as it would read when amended.

Section 3.20. Consideration of Bills.

A bill may originate in either house of the General Assembly
and may be amended, passed, or rejected by the other. No vote on
final passage of a bill shall be taken until the bill and all amend-
ments to it are in writing. No vote on final passage of a bill shall
be taken until the fifth calendar day after its introduction in the
house of origin and until the second calendar day after it reaches
the second house except upon the affirmative vote of three-fifths
of all the members of the house in which the bill is pending or
except during the first four days of a special session. The General
Assembly may provide by law that pending bills may be carried
over to the next regular session of the same General Assembly.

Section 3.21. Passage of Bills.

No bill shall be enacted nor shall a resolution requiring the
action of both houses be adopted unless it is passed by the affirma-
tive vote of a majority of all the members of that house. A vote
in joint session or in either house on any bill or resolution or for
the election or confirmation of any state officer shall be taken
only in public session.

Section 3.22. General Application of Laws.

The General Assembly shall enact no public laws except gen-
eral laws which in their terms and effects apply throughout the
State. No county shall be exempt from a public general law. The
limitation of this section that the General Assembly shall enact
only public general laws shall not apply to laws (1) pertaining
to appropriations; (2) providing for or regulating the powers
of departments, agencies, or instrumentalities of the State which
perform a state and not a local function; (3) pertaining to public
education; (4) pertaining to multi-county governmental units;
(5) providing for the establishment, merger, or dissolution of

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