LLOYD LOWBDES, ESQUIRE, GOVERNOR.

election, or of the canvass of the ballots ; and it shall be the
duty of all officers of the law present to obey the order of any
jndge of election, and an officer making an arrest by the direc-
tion of any judge shall be protected in so doing as fully as if
a warrant had been issued to him to make such arrest

270 X X. The polling places shall be opened by the judges at

eight o'clock in the morning and shall be kept open until six
o'clock, in the afternoon of the same day, at which time the
polls shall be closed. If any judge or clerk shall not be
present at the expiration of fifteen minutes after the time for
opening the polls, the judge or judges present shall fill the
place of such absent judge or clerk by appointing in his stead
a person of the same political party as the" absentee. One of
the fudges shall administer to such substitute the oath required
of the judge or clerk originally appointed. After the opening
of the polls no judge or clerk shall absent himself therefrom
until all the ballots cast shall have been counted and the
returns completed. If, in case of absolute necessity, any
judge or clerk in attendance shall be compelled to absent him-
self', he shall appoint some tit person of the same political
party with himself, to act in his stead until his return, having
first administered to such substitute the same oath as he him-
self has taken. Blank forms for the appointment of substi-
tute judges and clerks and of the oath aforesaid shall be sup-
plied by the supervisors, and the oath, when administered,
shall be preserved and returned by the judges to the the super-
visors. The appointment and swearing in of all such substi-
tutes, and the reason therefor, and the time when such substi-
tutes began and ceased to serve, shall be noted by the judge in
the poll book of the precinct ; such substitute shall cease to
act whenever the jndge or clerk in whose stead he was
appointed shall be present.

270 Y Y. Each political party or other body of voters having

Opening of
polling
places.

a candidate or candidates duly nominated, shall have the right
to designate and keep a challenger and watcher at each place
of registration and election, who shall be assigned to such posi-
tions near the judges of election, inside the registration or poll-
ing room, as to enable them to see each person as he offers to
register or vote, and they shall be protected in the discharge of
their duty by the judges of election and the police. A certifi-
cate, signed by the candidates, or by the presiding officer of
the chief managing committee Of their party in the city shall
be sufficient evidence of the right of such challenger and
watcher to be present in the registration or polling room. In

Absent
judges ,or
clerks.