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£2,369.18.6. ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: mentioned
at least 14 slaves and law books in his will. LAND:
probably ca. 6,301 acres in Worcester County.
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: His principal heirs were
Peter Chaille (?-1802), his nephew William Davis,
and other children of his brothers and sisters.
ANDROS, EDMUND (1637-1713/14). BORN: on
December 6, 1637, in Guernsey, England; second
son. IMMIGRATED, in 1693 on his first visit to
Maryland. RESIDED: never a permanent resident.
FAMILY BACKGROUND. FATHER: a Guernsey gen-
tleman in the household of King Charles I. PRI-
VATE CAREER. EDUCATION: literate. RELIGIOUS
AFFILIATION: Anglican. SOCIAL STATUS AND AC-
TIVITIES: a member of an old aristocratic family;
made a knight in 1678; a landgrave in Carolina in
the early 1670s with a 48,000-acre estate; made
two trips to Maryland between September 1693
and July 1694 to oversee governmental affairs.
OCCUPATIONAL PROFILE: military officer and colo-
nial bureaucrat. PUBLIC CAREER. PROVINCIAL OF-
FICE, acting governor, September 25, 1693-July
26, 1694. ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: his assumption
of Maryland's government in 1693 was an im-
proper act based on the misreading of his commis-
sion; later he was forced to return the salary he
had claimed for nine months' service. OUT OF
COLONY SERVICE: officer in the West Indies,
1666-1668; governor, New York, 1674-1681; gov-
ernor, Dominion of New England, 1684-1689;
governor, Virginia, 1692-1698; lieutenant gover-
nor, Guernsey, England, 1704-1706. WEALTH AT
DEATH. DIED, on February 27, 1713/14, in Lon-
don, England; size of estate unknown.
ARCHER, JOHN (1741-1810). BORN: on May 5,
1741, probably in Cecil County; only surviving
child. NATIVE: second generation. RESIDED. New
Castle, Delaware, 1767-1769; near Churchville,
Spesutia Hundred, Harford County. FAMILY
BACKGROUND. FATHER: Thomas Archer (?-1772),
who immigrated from County Donegal, Ireland,
and became an agent for an ironworks in Cecil
County; later moved to Baltimore County.
MOTHER: Elizabeth, daughter of (first name un-
known) Stevenson. John Archer had four brothers
and sisters who died in infancy of malignant fe-
vers. MARRIED in 1766 Catherine, daughter of
Thomas Harris, of Harford County. Her brother
was Robert, of Cumberland County, Pennsylva-
nia, a physician. CHILDREN. SONS: Thomas; Robert
Harris; John; James; all of whom became doctors;
George Washington, who died while studying
medicine; Stevenson (1786-1848), a lawyer, mem-
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ber of the Maryland House of Delegates from
1809 to 1811, member of the U.S. House of Repre-
sentatives from 1811 to 1817 and from 1819 to
1821, U.S. judge for the Mississippi Territory ap-
pointed in 1817, associate justice of the Court of
Appeals of Maryland from 1824 to 1844 and chief
justice from 1 844 until death, who married Pamela
Hays; plus four other children who died young.
PRIVATE CAREER. EDUCATION: Nottingham Acad-
emy, Cecil County; College of New Jersey (later
became Princeton University), 1760; M.A., 1763;
Philadelphia College of Medicine, 1768. ADDI-
TIONAL COMMENTS: Archer received the first de-
gree in medicine offered by an American school.
RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION: Presbyterian; studied
theology in preparation for the ministry and was
an elder in the Churchville Presbyterian Church,
Harford County. SOCIAL STATUS AND ACTIVITIES:
Esq., 1783; one of the founders of the Medical and
Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, 1799. ADDI-
TIONAL COMMENTS: he suffered from a severe
chronic throat ailment throughout his adult life,
which precluded public speaking and forced him
to use a voice trumpet. OCCUPATIONAL PROFILE: a
physician, who began his practice in New Castle,
Delaware, 1767-1769; continued to practice in
Harford County from 1769 until his death; from
about 1785 he taught medicine at his home,
"Medical Hall" . PUBLIC CAREER. LEGISLATIVE
SERVICE: Convention, Harford County, 9th 1776;
Lower House, Harford County, 1777, 1779-1780.
LOCAL OFFICES: Committee of Correspondence,
Harford County, elected 1774; Committee of Ob-
servation, Harford County, elected 1776; justice,
Harford County, 1777-at least 1793; justice, Or-
phans' Court, Harford County, 1779-at least
1784; subscription officer, Continental Loan Of-
fice, Harford County, appointed 1779; judge,
Court of Appeals for Tax Assessment, Harford
County, appointed 1786; Maryland Senate elector,
Harford County, elected 1811. MILITARY SERVICE:
captain, Lower Crosswoods Company, Harford
County Militia, elected 1774; 2nd major, Upper
Battalion, Harford County Militia, appointed
1779; served as a volunteer aide-de-camp to Gen.
Anthony Wayne at the Battle of Stony Point,
1779; captain, Continental Army, 1779; major,
Continental Army, 1779. OUT OF STATE OFFICES:
presidential elector, Maryland, 1796, 1800; repre-
sentative, U.S. Congress, 1801-1803, 1803-1805,
1805-1807; a Democrat. STANDS ON PUBLIC/PRI-
VATE ISSUES: signed the Bush Declaration on
March 22, 1775. In his will he absolved the debts
of his insolvent patients and provided for the man-
umission of his slaves. WEALTH DURING LIFE-
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