MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 29

the Legislature of the state passed resolutions relative to a state map
and a state geological survey, and the following year passed an act
providing for the appointment both of a topographical engineer and a
state geologist.

The United States Geological Survey, recognizing the importance
of topographic maps, has, since it was established in 1879, been
engaged in topographic surveys in different portions of the country,
but, on account of the great areas which it has to cover and the neces-
sary division of its work among the several states, is able to do but a
small amount in each annually unless the state itself co-operates, or,
through its own scientific activity, shows the necessity for increased
attention. In the years which have passed since the organization of
the U. S. Geological Survey considerable work has already been done
within the limits of the state of Maryland, but it was not until the
State Survey was organized and showed the necessity of pushing the
surveys to completion that the national government has aggressively
taken the matter up. As a result the state may confidently expect
after a few years to obtain an accurate map of its territory. The com-
pletion of this map which will have been brought about through the
exigencies of the State Geological Survey and intended primarily for
its uses will be of immense advantage to the people of the state for all
purposes of internal improvement, since it will afford the necessary
information for engineering and military purposes, for the location of
railroads, highways, water conduits, and for other public enterprises.

The topographic map will be published in sheets upon the scale of
two miles to the inch and will be admirably adapted for the location
of the several geological formations of the state, as well as for most
other matters of public interest. The elevations will be represented
by contour lines, so that the height of any point can be readily deter-
mined within a few feet.

THE DETERMINATION OF THE MAGNETIC CONDITIONS.

A thorough study of the magnetic conditions affecting that portion
of the earth's crust within the borders of Maryland is also contem-
plated by the State Geological Survey. A magnetic survey involves