42 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.

Davis v Season, 133 U S 333. Wisconsin Central R. Rd. Co. v. Price
County, 133 U. S. 496. Cope v. Cope, 137 U. S. 682. Mormon Church v. U.
S , 136 U. S 1.

SECTION 4. The United States shall guarantee to every State
in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall
protect each of them against invasion; and on Application of
the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature
cannot be convened) against domestic Violence.

Luther v. Borden, 7 How. 1. Texas v. White, 7 Wall. 700.

ARTICLE V.

The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall
deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitu-
tion, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two-thirds
of the several States, shall call a Convention for proposing
Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents
and Purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by
the Legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, or by
Conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other
Mode of Ratification may be proposed by the Congress; Pro-
vided that no Amendment which may be made prior to the
Year One thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any
Manner affect the first and fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section
of the first Article; and that no State, without its Consent,
shall be deprived of its equal Suffrage in the Senate.

Hollingsworth et al v. Virginia, 3 Dallas, 378.

ARTICLE VI.

All debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before
the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the
United States under this Constitution, as under the Confedera-
tion.

This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which
shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or
which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States,
shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in
every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitu-
tion or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.

Hayburn's Case, 2 Dall. 409. Ware v. Hylton, 3 Dall. 199. Calder and
Wife v. Bull and Wife, 3 Dall. 386. Marbury v. Madison, 1 Cr 137. Chirac
v. Chirac, 2 Wh 259. McCulloch v The State of Maryland, 4 Wh 316.
Society v. New Haven, 8 Wh 464. Gibbons v. Ogden, 9 Wh. 1. Foster and