CONSTITUTION OI¹ THE UNITED STATES. 35

Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall take
the following Oath or Affirmation:—" I do solemnly swear (or
affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of
the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve,
protect and defend the Constitution of the United States."

SECTION 2. The President shall be Commander in Chief of
the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia
of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the
United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the
principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any
subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he
shall have the Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for
Offenses against the United States, except in Cases of Impeach-
ment.

United States v. Wilson, 7 Pet. 150 Ex parte William Wells, 18 How.
307 Ex parte Garland, 4 Wall. 333. Armstrong's Foundry, 6 Wall 766
The Grape Shot, 9 Wall 129. United States v Padelford, 9 Wall 542.
United States v. Klein, 13 Wall 128. Armstrong v The United States, 13
Wall. 152 Pargoud v. The United States, 13 Wall 156 Hamilton v
Dillin, 21 Wall. 73. Mechanics and Traders' Bank v Union Bank, 22 Wall
276. Lamar, ex , v. Browne et al , 92 U. S. 187 Wallach et al v Van
Riswick, 92 U S 202.

He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of
the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two-thirds of the
Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and
with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint
Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of
the Supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States,
whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for,
and which shall be established by Law: but the Congress may
by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they
think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or
in the Heads of Departments.

Ware v Hylton et al., 3 Dall. 199. Marbury v Madison, 1 Cr 137
United States v Kirkpatrick, 9 Wh. 720. American Insurance Company v
Canter (356 bales cotton), 1 Pet. 511 Foster and Elam v. Neilson, 2 Pet
253. Cherokee Nation v. State of Georgia, 5 Pet 1. Patteison v Gwinn
et al, 5 Pet 233. Worcester v State of Georgia, 6 Pet. 515. City of New
Orleans v De Armas et al., 9 Pet. 224. Holden v Joy, 17 Wall 211
Geofroy v Riggs, 133 U. S 258 Homer v U. S , 143 U. S 570 Shoe-
maker v U. S , 147 U. S 282. Parsons v U. S., 167 U. S 324.

The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that
may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting