DECLARATION OF RIGHTS. 11

pers ought not to be assessed for the support of the Govern-
ment, but every other person in the State, or person holding
property therein, ought to contribute his proportion of pub-

Paupers not to be
taxed

lic taxes, for the support of Government, according to his
actual worth in real or personal property; yet fines, duties,
or taxes may properly and justly be imposed or laid, on
persons or property, with a political view, for the good
government and benefit of the community.

Taxation accord-
ing to actual
worth
Fines, to

7 Md 1.

ART. 14. That sanguinary laws ought to be avoided as
far as is consistent with the safety of the State; and no
law to inflict cruel and unusual pains and penalties ought to
be made in any case, or at any time hereafter.

Sanguinary Laws.

ART. 15 That retrospective laws, punishing acts commit-
ted before the existence of such laws, and by them only de-

Retrospective
Laws

B Md. 851

clared criminal, are oppressive, unjust and incompatible with
liberty; wherefore, no ex post facto law ought to be made.
ART. 16. That no law to attaint particular persons of

10 Md 129.

treason or felony, ought to be made in any case, or at any
time hereafter.

Attainder

ART. 17. That every free man, for any injury done to
him in his person or property, ought to have remedy by the
course of the law of the land, and ought to have justice and
right, freely without sale, fully without any denial, and
speedily without delay, according to the law of the land.

Right to have
justice.

ART. 18. That the trial of facts where they arise, is one
of the greatest securities of the lives, liberties, and estate
of the people.

Trial of facts
where they arise.

ART. 19. That in all criminal prosecutions, every man
hath a right to be informed of the accusation against him;
to have a copy of the indictment or charge, in due time
(if required) to prepare for his defence; to be allowed
counsel; to be confronted with the witnesses against him;
to have process for his witnesses; to examine the witnesses
for and against him on oath; and to a speedy trial by an im-

Criminal Prose-
cutions

partial jury, without whose unanimous consent he ought not
to be found guilty.

12 Md 514.

ART. 20. That no man ought to be compelled to give
evidence against himself in a court of common law, or in
any other court, but in such cases as have been usually prac-
tised in this State, or may hereafter be directed by the
Legislature.

Evidence against
oneself

7 Md. 416.

ART. 21. That no free man ought to be taken or impris-
oned, or disseized of, his freehold, liberties or privileges, or

Freemen not to be
imprisoned, in,
bat by Law.