510 ARTICLE 14

An. Code, 1924, sec. 49. 1912, sec. 49. 1910, ch. 336, sec. 49 (p. 44).

49. Any person who, with intent to defraud, secures the issue by a
carrier of a bill, knowing that at the time of such issue any or all of the
goods described in such bill as received for transportation have not been
received by such carrier, or an agent of such carrier, or a connecting carrier,
or are not under the carrier's control, by inducing an officer, agent or servant
of such carrier falsely to believe that such goods have been received by such
carrier, or are under its control, shall be guilty of a crime, and upon con-
viction shall be punished for each offense by imprisonment not exceeding
five years, or by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars, or by both.

An. Code, 1924, sec. 50. 1912, sec. 50. 1910, ch. 336, sec. 50 (p. 45).

50. Any person who, with intent to defraud, issues or aids in issuing a
non-negotiable bill without the words "not negotiable" placed plainly upon
the face thereof, shall be guilty of a crime, and upon conviction shall
be punished for each offense by imprisonment not exceeding five years, or
by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars, or by both.

An. Code, 1924, sec. 51. 1912, sec. 51. 1910, ch. 336, sec. 51 (p. 45).

51. In any case not provided for in this article, the rules of law and
equity, including the Law Merchant, and in particular the rules relating
to the law of principal and agent, executors, administrators and trustees,
and to the effect of fraud, misrepresentation, duress or coercion, accident,
mistake, bankruptcy, or other invalidating cause, shall govern.

An. Code, 1924, sec. 52. 1912, sec. 52. 1910, ch.. 336, sec. 52 (p. 45).

52. This article shall be so interpreted and construed as to effectuate
its general purpose to make uniform the law of those States which enact it.

An. Code, 1924, sec. 53. 1912, sec. 53. 1910, ch. 336, sec. 53 (p. 45).

53. (1) In this article, unless the context or subject matter otherwise
requires—

"Action" includes counter claim, set-off and suit in equity.

"Bill" means bill of lading.

"Consignee" means the person nam'ed in the bill as the person to whom
delivery of the goods is to be made.

"Consignor" means the person named in the bill as the person from
whom the goods have been received for shipment.

"Goods" means merchandise or chattels in course of transportation,
or which have been or are about to be transported.

"Holder" of a bill means a person who has both actual possession of
such bill and a right of property therein.

"Order" means an order by endorsement on the bill.

"Owner" does not include mortgagee or pledgee.

"Person" includes a corporation or partnership, or two or more persons
having a joint or common interest.

To "purchase" includes to take as mortgagee and to take as pledgee.

"Purchaser" includes mortgagee and pledgee.

"Value" is any consideration sufficient to support a simple contract.
An antecedent or pre-existing obligation, whether for money or not, con-
stitutes value where a bill is taken either in satisfaction thereof or as
security therefor.