3238 ARTICLE 89

to the Commissioner of Labor and Statistics, and whenever such laws im-
pose any duties or obligations of any kind upon any corporations, firms or
individuals with respect to any of the said boards, commissions, bureaus,
inspectors or officials, then all violations of such provisions of such laws
shall be prosecuted and punished as if the Commissioner of Labor and
Statistics had been named in such laws as the body having such rights or
privileges or to which such duties or obligations were owed.

Bureau of Mines.

An. Code, 1924, sec. 17. 1922, ch. 307, sec. 16. 1937, ch. 188. 1939, ch. 727.

16. For the. purposes of this sub-title, the terms and definitions con-
tained herein shall be held, construed and understood as follows:

"Approved". Unless the context requires a different sense, the word
"approved" means and refers to approbation evidenced by a written certifi-
cate or official letter of the Bureau, approving a deyice, plan, formula,
method, machine or course of action.

"Approved Equipment" means equipment admitted by the Bureau to
its approved lists under Bureau regulations after tests satisfying such
Bureau that such equipment is safe and is adapted to its intended use.

"Authorized Person" means any person commissioned by an official in
charge in or at a mine to perform certain prescribed duties under his
authority.

"Communication device" means any device employed to transmit intel-
ligence, instructions or warning to persons not present.

"Crosscut" means a passage driven to connect adjacent parallel entries
or rooms. The term is synonymous with "cut-through" and between
rooms; when driven wide is synonymous with "break-through".

"Drift" means a horizontal passage-way, or level, or gang-way, driven
from the surface outcrop into the coal bed.

"Duty as applied to a Machine or Device", means the particular service
in which such machine or device is being employed or intended to be
employed.

"Electric Circuit" means all conductors, including ground returns,
furnishing energy to or receiving energy from electric apparatus.

"Electric System" means all apparatus and circuits receiving electric
energy or that may receive electric energy from a common source. Where
the source of power is under control of the mine, such source of power
will be so considered as a part of the electric system. If power is obtained
from a central station not under control of such mine, the phrase shall refer
only to that part of the system which is under control of such mine.

"Entry" means a passage way in a coal bed which is approximately
level and is used for haulage, traveling way, or ventilation. In a dipping
bed, entries on the strike are known as "levels" or "gangways" and to
the dip are known as "slopes".

Excavations and Workings: The term "excavations and workings" in-
cludes all the excavated portions of a mine, whether abandoned or being
worked; also all underground workings and shafts, tunnels, and other ways
and openings, and all such shafts, slopes, tunnels, and other openings in
the course of being sunk or driven, together with roads, appliances, ma-
chinery and material connected with the same below the surface.

Faces: The term "face" shall mean the advancing breast of a mine
working-place, either of an entry or room.