162 ARTICLE 1

An Code, 1924, sec 3 1912, sec 2A 1912, ch 365

3. The repeal of any statute "including the repeal of any part of the
Code of Public General Laws or of the Code of Public Local Laws" shall
not have the effect to release or extinguish any penalty, forfeiture or lia-
bility incurred under such statute, unless the repealing act shall so ex-
pressly provide, and such statute shall be treated as still remaining in force
for the purpose of sustaining any proper action or prosecution for the
enforcement of such penalty, forfeiture or liability.

See art 89A

Cited in construing art 2B, sec 2 State v Clifton, Daily Record, Feb 6, 1940

An Code, 1924, sec 4 1912, sec 3 1904, sec 3 1888, sec 3

4. No rights, property or privileges held under a charter or grant from
this State shall be in any manner impaired or affected by the adoption
of this code

Purpose and effect of this section An act omitted from an adopted code is repealed
Frederick City v Groshon, 30 Md 436

An Code, 1924, sec 5 1912, sec 4 1904, sec 4 1888, sec 4

5 Whenever the word administrator is used in this code it shall include
executor, and so vice versa, unless such an application of the term would
be unreasonable.

This section referred to in construing art 93, secs 3 and 258—see notes thereto
Stake v Stake, 138 Md 54

This section applied Muncaster v Muncaster, 23 Md 288

Cited but not construed in Linthicum v Polk, 93 Md 91, Crow v Hubbard, 62 Md 564

An Code, 1924, sec 6 1912, sec 5 1904, sec 5 1888, sec 5

6 The word decedent means either a testator or person dying intestate

An Code, 1924, sec 7 1912, sec 6 1904, sec 6 1888, sec 6

7. The masculine includes all genders, except where such construction
would be absurd or unreasonable

Where the statute shows an intention to confine its application to miles, as in the
law regulating admissions to the bar, this section will not control In Re Maddox,
93 Md 727

An Code, 1924, sec 8 1912, sec 7 1904, sec 7 1888, sec 7

8 The singular always includes the plural, and vice versa, except where
such construction would be unreasonable.

Where an act authorizes the appointment of an attorney-at-law as general counsel,
this section does not justify the appointment of two attorneys, the rule of con-
struction announced in this section cannot override the legislative intent State Tax
Commission v Harrington, 126 Md 167

A statute requiring a bond to be executed with "sufficient securities, " can not be
construed under this section to call for only one surety Harris v Register, 70 Md 109

This section applied so as to entitle more than one surety to sue under art 8, sec 5
Fuhrman v Fuhrman, 115 Md 443

This section referred to in construing art 101, sec 80 Wheeler v Rhoten, 144 Md 12

See notes to art 3, sec 29, Md Constitution

An Code, 1924, sec 9 1912, sec 8 1904, sec 8 1888, sec 8

9 Wherever an oath is required by this code an affirmation shall be
sufficient, if made by a person conscientiously scrupulous of taking an
oath.

The affidavit need not show on its face that the party affirming was conscientiously
scrupulous of taking an oath Loney v Bailey, 43 Md 16