[Arts. 15-18] AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE U. S. 15

SECTION 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by
appropriate legislation.

ARTICLE XVI. ¹

The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from
whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States,
and without regard to any census or enumeration.

ARTICLE XVII. ²

The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from
each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator
shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications
requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures.

When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate,
the executive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such
vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any State may empower the
executive thereof to make temporary appointment until the people fill the
vacancies by election as the legislature may direct.

This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term
of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution.

ARTICLE XVIII. ³

SECTION 1. After one year from the ratification of this article the
manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the

ary, 1869, and was declared, in a proclamation of the Secretary of State, dated March
30, 1870, to have been ratified by the legislatures of twenty-nine of the thirty-seven
States. The dates of these ratifications (arranged in the order of their reception at the
Department of State) were: From North Carolina, March 5, 1869; West Virginia,
March 3, 1869; Massachusetts, March 9-12, 1869; Wisconsin, March 9, 1869; Maine,
March 12, 1869; Louisiana, March 5, 1869; Michigan, March 8, 1869; South Carolina,
March 16, 1869; Pennsylvania, March 26, 1869; Arkansas, March 30, 1869; Connecticut,
May 19, 1869; Florida, June 15, 1869; Illinois, March 5, 1869; Indiana, May 13-14,
1869; New York, March 17-April 14, 1869 (and the legislature of the same State passed
a resolution January 5, 1870, to withdraw its consent to it); New Hampshire, July 7,
1869; Nevada, March 1, 1869; Vermont, October 21, 1869; Virginia, October 8, 1869;
Missouri, January 10, 1870; Mississippi, January 15-17, 1870; Ohio, January 27, 1870;
Iowa, February 3, 1870; Kansas, January 18-19, 1870; Minnesota, February 19, 1870;
Rhode Island, January 18, 1870; Nebraska, February 17, 1870; Texas, February 18,
1870. The State of Georgia also ratified the amendment February 2, 1870.

¹ The sixteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States was proposed
to the Legislatures of the several States, by the Sixty-first Congress, and was declared
in a proclamation of the Secretary of State, dated February 25, 1913, to have been rati-
fied by the Legislatures of thirty-six States, viz: Alabama, Kentucky, South Carolina,
Illinois, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Maryland, Georgia, Texas, Ohio, Idaho, Oregon, Wash-
ington, California, Montana, Indiana, Nevada, North Carolina, Nebraska, Kansas, Colo-
rado, North Dakota, Michigan, Iowa., Missouri, Maine, Tennessee, Arkansas, Wisconsin,
New York, South Dakota, Arizona, Minnesota, Louisiana, Delaware and Wyoming.

² The seventeenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States was proposed
to the Legislatures of the several States by the Sixty-second Congress, second session,
and was declared, in a proclamation of the Secretary of State, dated May 31, 1913, to
have been ratified by the Legislatures of thirty-six States, viz: Massachusetts, Ari-
zona, Minnesota, New York, Kansas, Oregon, North Carolina, California, Michigan,
Idaho, West Virginia, Nebraska, Iowa, Montana, Texas, Washington, Wyoming, Colo-
rado, Illinois, North Dakota, Nevada, Vermont, Maine, New Hampshire, Oklahoma,
Ohio, South Dakota, Indiana, Missouri, New Mexico, New Jersey, Tennessee, Arkansas,
Connecticut, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin.

³ The eighteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States was proposed
to the Legislatures of the several States by the Sixty-second Congress, second session,
and was declared in a proclamation of the Secretary of State, dated January 29, 1919,