886 ARTICLE 4.

by himself with the corporate seal attached. All vacancies occurring in
any of the offices which the Mayor is empowered to fill, during the recess
of the City Council, unless otherwise provided in this Charter, shall be
filled by the Mayor until the next regular meeting of the City Council,
at which meeting the Mayor shall present the name of a person for con-
firmation to fill said vacancy, and the mode and manner of procedure in
such a case shall be the same as provided for in this section for other
appointments by the Mayor and confirmation by the City Council.

On construction of section 25. see Robinson v. Baltimore City, 93 Md. 212. Mc-
Clellan v. Marine, 98 Md. 54. Baltimore City v. Lyman, 92 Md. 591.

As to oath of office and its legal significance, see Thomas v. Owens, 4 Md. 189.
Harwood v. Marshall, 9 Md. 83. Jump v. Spence. 28 Md. 1. Archer v. State, 74 Md.
447; Creager v. Hooper. 83 Md. 501. Davidson v. Brice, 91 Md. 691.

As to term of and title to office, see Thomas v. Owens, 4 Md. 189, 15 Md. 465,
Jump v. Spence. 28 Md 1. Robb v. Carter, 65 Md. 334. Archer v. State, 74 Md. 453.
County Commissioners Y. School Commrs., 77 Md. 283. Miles v. Stevenson, 80 Md.
366. Creager v. Hooper. 83 Md. 490. Ash v. McVey, 85 Md. 130. Wells v. Monroe,
S6 Md. 445. Duer v. Daniell. 91 Md. 660. Keyser v. Upshur, 92 Md. 778. Hagers-
town v. Williams, 96 Md. 237.

As to power of appointment and removal, see Townsend v. Kurtz, 83 Md. 340.
Hooper v. Creager, 84 Md. 241. Hooper v. New, 85 Md. 565. Hooper v. Farnen. 85
Md. 587. Field v. Malster. 88 Md. 691. School Commrs, v. Goldsborough, 90 Md.
193. Street Commrs. T. Williams, 96 Md. 237.

1880, ch. 101. P. L. L. (1888). Art. 4. sec. 31.

26. No person shall at any time hold more than one office yielding
pecuniary compensation under the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore.
All municipal officials, except females, shall be registered voters of the

'City of Baltimore.

Baltimore City v. Lyman, 92 Md. 591.

1S9S, ch. 123.

27. All heads of departments, heads of sub-departments, municipal
officers not embraced in a department, or special commissions or boards,
provided for in this Charter, shall hold their offices until their successors
are appointed or elected and qualified.

1898, ch. 123.

28. The heads of departments, heads of sub-departments, municipal
officers not embraced in a department, and all special com mission a or
boards shall have the sole power of appointment and removal at pleasure
of all deputies, assistants, clerks and subordinate employees employed by
them, unless otherwise provided in this Charter.

Baltimore City v. Lyman. 92 Md. 611. American Lighting Co. v. McCuen, 92 Md.
705. As to appointment of subordinates prior to new charter, see Hooper v. New,
85 Md. 565.

1898. ch. 123.

29. All heads of departments shall have the privilege of the floor of
the City Council at its sittings, and shall be entitled to participate in
the discussion of matters relating to their respective departments, but
shall have no vote. When the head of a department is a Board, or com-