of appeals, under this section. Object of this section. Annaplois v. Harwood, 32 Md.
477; Jessup v. Baltimore, 121 Md. 562.

This section does not regulate the time when a law shall go into operation—see
sec. 31. If an act expressly provides when it shall take effect, it will be effective
accordingly whether it has been published or not. Parkinson v. State, 14 Md. 199.

The legislature may not make the validity of a public general statute dependent
upon its approval by a majority of the voters of the state under a referendum;
hence the soldiers' bonus act, act 1922, ch. 448, is void. The legislature may not
delegate its law-making power. The general assembly of Maryland has the exclu-
sive power of making laws, subject to certain veto powers of the Governor. Other
constitutional questions not passed upon. Brawner v. Supervisors, 141 Md. 601.

There are three things required by this section before the duty of the general
assembly ends and that of the Governor begins; the former must pass the bill,
seal it with the great seal and present it to the Governor. Johnson v. Luers, 129
Md. 527.

This section referred to in construing art. 15 of the Declaration of Rights—see
notes thereto. State v. C. & P. R. R. Co., 40 Md. 53 (dissenting opinion).

This section referred to in construing art. 14, sec. 1—see notes thereto. Warfield
v. Vandiver, 101 Md. 114.
1 Cited but not construed in Dunn v. Brager, 116 Md. 242, 244.

See notes to sec. 28 and to art. 2, sec 17, Md. Constitution.

Sec. 31. No law passed by the General Assembly shall take effect until
the first day of June next after the session at which it may be passed, unless
it be otherwise expressly declared therein.

The enacting clause as well as the repealing clause of the act of 1854, ch. 153,
rescinding a portion of the act of 1795, ch. 56, held to be controlled by this section.
Risewick v. Davis, 19 Md. 96.

It was competent for the legislature to provide that the act of 1918, ch. 205,
applicable to Annapolis, should go into effect immediately, under this section. See
notes to art. 16, sec. 1, of the Constitution. Strange v. Levy, 134 Md. 648.

This section applied. Baltimore v. German-American. Fire Ins. Co., 132 Md. 383.

This section referred to in construing art. 3, sec. 30, and art. 2, sec. 17—see notes
to the former. Lankford v. Somerset County, 73 Md. 122 (concurring opinion).

See notes to sec. 30, and to art. 16, sec. 1, Md. Constitution.

Sec. 32. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury of the State by any
order or resolution, nor except in accordance with an appropriation by law;
and every such law shall distinctly specify the sum appropriated and the
object to which it shall be applied; provided that nothing herein contained
shall prevent the General Assembly from placing a contingent fund at the
disposal of the Executive, who shall report' to the General Assembly at each
session the amount expended and the purposes to which it was applied. An
accurate statement of the receipts and expenditures of the public money
shall be attached to and published with the laws after each regular session
of the General Assembly.

Where a law provides that the warrant of the comptroller shall be paid out of
any money thereafter in the treasury not otherwise appropriated, and that the
whole amount of said warrant shall not exceed three hundred thousand dollars, the
appropriation is sufficiently made under this section. Object of this section. Mc-
Pherson v. Leonard, 29 Md. 390 (cf. dissenting opinion).

Purpose of the portion of this section providing that no money shall be drawn
from the treasury except by an appropriation. The provision of art. 6, sec. 1, that
an officer " shall receive " a certain salary is a sufficient compliance with the above
provision of this section. Thomas v. Owens, 4 Md. 225.

This section and secs. 33 to 41, referred to in construing art. 15, sec. 1, of the Con-
stitution and the act of 1910, ch. 180 (creating the public service commission)—see
notes to the former and to art. 23, sec. 349, An. Code. Thrift v. Laird, 125 Md. 62.
This section referred to—see notes to art. 2, sec. 17, of the Md. Constitution.
Nowell v. Harrington, 122 Md. 489.