2464 ARTICLE 77.

1920, ch. 381.

82. It shall be the duty of every principal, head-master, dean or other
person in charge of any grammar school, high school, normal school, private
school, preparatory school, college or university in the State of Maryland,
giving an academic course, who have morning, afternoon, or evening exer-
cises or other gatherings, to open such exercises or gatherings, on at least
one day of such school week, .whether morning, afternoon or evening, with
the singing of the " Star Spangled Banner;" provided, that nothing in this
section shall apply to professional schools.

Chapter 8. Teachers' Certificates, Salaries and Pensions.

An. Code, sec. 53. 1904, sec. 52. 1888, sec. 48. 1872,ch. 377. 1904, ch. 584. 1914, ch. 85.

1916, ch. 506, sec. 53.

83. No person shall be employed as county superintendent,, assistant
superintendent, supervisor, principal or teacher unless such person shall
hold a certificate issued by the superintendent of public education and for
the grade required for the position, but any county of the State may require
as a condition of employment a higher standard for a certificate of a
similar kind and grade than is required by the State. Provided that all
teachers' certificates and diplomas in force on April 18, 1916, shall continue
in force for the full time for which they were issued or are valid, and shall
remain valid for the grade and position for which, issued. Provided, that
no renewal or extension of such certificates shall be granted under this
section by the State superintendent of schools, nor shall the renewal or
extension of any certificate by a county superintendent expiring between
the time this section goes into effect and September the thirtieth, 1916, be
for more than one year. Provided also that no certificate issued by a county
superintendent of schools between April 18, 1916, and September thirtieth,
1916, shall be valid for more than one year. Provided further that no
certificate heretofore issued shall be valid after April 18, 1916, for appoint-
ment to the position of county superintendent, assistant superintendent,
supervisor, high school principal or elementary school principal in ele-
mentary schools having three or more teachers, including the principal,
except in case of persons holding the foregoing positions on April 18, 1916,
and then valid only for the particular position they are then holding and
in the particular county.

A by-law adopted by the state board under sec. 11 construed in connection with
this section. School Commissioners v. Wagaman, 84 Md. 161.
See secs. 88 and 134.

An. Code, sec. 54. 1908, ch. 635. 1916, ch. 506, sec. 54.

84. The examination and certification of teachers, after September
thirtieth, 1916, shall be a state function, and all examinations for teachers'
certificates shall be on uniform questions prepared and sent out by the
state superintendent of schools, either in person or through his assistants.
All examination papers shall be forwarded to, read and graded by the state
superintendent of schools, either in person or by his assistants. The county
superintendent shall render such assistance in conducting examinations as