CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 15

which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United
States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property,
without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction
the equal protection of the laws.

SECTION 2. Representatives shall he apportioned among the several
States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number
of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right
to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice-
President of the United States, Representatives in. Congress, the Execu-
tive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature
thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being
twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way
abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis
of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the
number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citi-
zens twenty-one years of age in such State.

SECTION 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress,
or elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or mili-
tary, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously
taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United
States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judi-
cial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States,
shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given
aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-
thirds of each House, remove such disability.

Hampshire, Massachusetts, Nebraska, Iowa, Arkansas, Florida, North Carolina, Ala-
bama, South Carolina and Louisiana, being three-fourths and more of the several
States of the Union, have ratified the fourteenth article of amendment to the Constitu-
tion of the United States, duly proposed by two-thirds of each House of the Thirty-
ninth Congress: Therefore Resolved, That said fourteenth article is hereby declared to
be a part of the Constitution of the United States, and it shall be duly promulgated
as such by the Secretary of State. " The Secretary of State accordingly issued a procla-
mation, dated the 28th of July, 1868, declaring that the proposed fourteenth amend-
ment had been ratified, in the manner hereafter mentioned, by the legislatures of thirty
of the thirty-six States, viz: Connecticut, June 30, 1866; New Hampshire, July 7, 1866;
Tennessee, July 19, 1866; New Jersey, September 11, 1866 (and the legislature of the
same State passed a resolution in April, 1868, to withdraw its consent to it); Oregon,
September 19, 1866; Vermont, November 9, 1866; Georgia rejected it November 13,
1866, and ratified it July 21, 1868; North Carolina rejected it December 4, 1866, and
ratified it July 4, 1868; South Carolina rejected it December 20, 1866, and ratified it
July 9, 1868; New York ratified it January 10, 1867; Ohio ratified it January 11, 1867
(and the legislature of the same State passed a resolution in January, 1868, to withdraw
its consent to it); Illinois ratified it January 15, 1867; West Virginia, January 16, 1867;
Kansas, January 18, 1867; Maine, January 19, 1867; Nevada, January 22, 1867; Missouri,
January 26, 1867; Indiana, January 20, 1867; Minnesota, February 1, 1867; Rhode
Island, February 7, 1867; Wisconsin, February 13, 1867; Pennsylvania, February 13,
1867; Michigan, February 15, 1867; Massachusetts, March 20, 1867; Nebraska, June 15,
1867; Iowa, April 3, 1868; Arkansas, April 6, 1868; Florida, June 9, 1868; Louisiana,
July 9, 1868, and Alabama, July 13, 1868. Georgia again ratified the amendment Febru-
ary 2, 1870. Texas rejected it November 1, 1866, and ratified it February 18, 1870. Vir-
ginia rejected it January 19, 1867, and ratified it October 8, 1869. The amendment was
rejected by Kentucky, January 10, 1867; by Delaware, February 8, 1867; by Maryland,
March 23, 1867, and was not afterwards ratified by either State.