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196 WILLIAMS' CASE.
been intimated in this case; and therefore, as to the chattels real,
mentioned in the bill, these parties must be referred to the Orphans
Court to obtain the proper distribution.
DECREED, that the real estate mentioned in the complainant's
bill, be sold; that that part of the complainant's bill which relates
to the chattels real therein mentioned, be, and the same is hereby
dismissed; that Eli Hewitt and Rezin D. Hewitt, be, and they are
hereby appointed trustees to make sale of the real estate, &c.
A sale was made accordingly, and the proceeds distributed.
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WILLIAMS' CASE.
How far the court has gone, upon general principles, or has been authorized to go,
by general or special legislative enactment, in applying the principal of an
infant's estate to his maintenance and education.—The acts of Assembly which
authorize the sale of the real estates of infants considered as to their true construction,
their practical utility, and their constitutionality.—Where the widow herself is
the petitioner her separate assent to a sale is not required.—The credit given
on the sale of an infant's real estate considered as an investment for his benefit.—
A bid may be reserved, or a bye-bidder allowed in certain cases.—An estate
ordered to be sold is under the protection of the court, and may be rented until a
sale can be effected.
The various cases in which it may become necessary to put a present value upon a
life interest in property.—The formation of tables shewing the expectation of
human life at every age.—In ascertaining the present value of a life interest, and
in apportioning a burthen between the tenant for life, and the remainderman
or reversioner, the estimate must be made from a consideration of all circum-
stances, in which assistance may be derived from tables shewing the expectation
of life.—The tenant for life must keep down the interest of the debt with which
the estate is encumbered.—The census of this and other countries as shewing
the increase of population, and the probability, and the expectation of human
life.—The assessment laws and the constitutional rule which requires every one
to contribute his proportion of public taxes according to his actual worth in pro-
perty considered with reference to the valuation of life interests.—The rule of this
court according to which allowances are made to widows in lieu of dower, its
origin and errors considered.—The legislative rules, and the rules of the court by
which the value of life interest are to be adjusted.—The value of a life interest
should be made as of the day when it is taken away,—Where a life interest is
extinguished by a sale, or the like, its equivalent then vests in the tenant for life;
and, after his death, will go to his assignee or legal representative.
Susan F. Williams, widow of William E. Williams, and guar-
dian of his four infant children and heirs at law Elizabeth C. Wil-
liams, William S. Williams, Mary S. Williams, and Otho H. Wil-
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