7.  That no power of suspending laws, or the execution of laws, unless by or
derived from the legislature, ought to be exercised or allowed.

    8.  That freedom of speech, and debates or proceedings, in the legislature,
ought not to be impeached in any other court or judicature.

    9.  That a place for the meeting of the legislature ought to be fixed, the most
convenient to the members thereof, and to the depository of the public records,
and the legislature ought not to be convened or held at any other place but from
evident necessity.

    10.  That for the redress of grievances, and for amending, strengthening and
preserving the laws, the legislature ought to be frequently convened.


    11.  That every man hath a right to petition the legislature for the redress of
grievances, in a peaceable and orderly manner.


    12.  That no aid, charge, tax, burthen, fee or fees, ought to be set, rated or
levied, under any pretence, without the consent of the legislature.

    13.  That the levying taxes by the poll is grievous and oppressive, and ought
to be abolished; that paupers ought not to be assessed for the support of government,
but every other person in the state ought to contribute his proportion of
public taxes for the support of government according to his actual worth in real
or personal property within this state; yet fines, duties or taxes, may properly
and justly be imposed or laid with a political view for the good government and
benefit of the community.

    14.  That sanguinary laws ought to be avoided, as far as is consistent with 
the safety of the state; and no law to inflict cruel and unusual pains and penalties
ought to be made, in any case, or at any time hereafter.

    15.  That retrospective laws, punishing facts committed before the existence
of such laws, and by them only declared criminal, are oppressive, unjust, and
incompatible with liberty; wherefore no ex post facto law ought to be made.

    16.  That no law to attaint particular persons of treason or felony, ought to
be made in any case, or at any time hereafter.

    17.  That every free man, for any injury done to him in his person or property,
ought to have remedy by the course of the law of the land, and ought
to have justice and right, freely without sale, fully without any denial, and
speedily without delay, according to the law of the land.

    18.  That the trial of facts where they arise, is one of the greatest securities
of the lives, liberties and estate of the people.

    19.  That in all criminal prosecutions, every man hath a right to be informed
of the accusation against him, to have a copy of the indictment or charge in
due time (if required,) to prepare for his defence, to be allowed counsel, to be
confronted with the witnesses against him, to have process for his witnesses, to
examine the witnesses for and against him on oath, and to a speedy trial by an
impartial jury, without whose unanimous consent he ought not to be found
guilty.

    20.  That no man ought to be compelled to give evidence against himself in
a court of common law, or in any other court, but in such cases as have been
usually practised in this state, or may hereafter be directed by the legislature.

    21.  That no free man ought to be taken or imprisoned, or disseized of his
freehold, liberties or privileges, or outlawed, or exiled, or in any manner destroyed,