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Maryland Manual, 1975-76
Volume 177, Page 12   View pdf image (33K)
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12 MARYLAND MANUAL
STATE TREE
Maryland has chosen for its tree the White Oak (Quercus alba). The
magnificent specimen shown among the illustrations of Maryland's
symbols is known as the Wye Oak and is located at Wye Mills on the
Eastern Shore. It is now owned by the State (Chapter 731, Acts of
1941; Code 1957, 1971. Repl Vol., Art. 41, sec. 76).
STATE BIRD
The Baltimore Oriole (Icterus galbula) is the official Maryland
Bird, designated by the General Assembly (Chapter 54, Acts of 1947).
Special provisions have been made for its protection (Chapter 164,
Acts of 1882) (Code 1957, 1971 Repl. Vol., Art. 41, sec. 77).
STATE DOG
By Chapter 156, Acts of 1964, the Chesapeake Bay Retriever was
declared to be the official Dog of Maryland (Code 1957, 1971 Repl.
Vol., Art. 41, sec. 77B).
STATE FLOWER
The Black-Eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta) is the official Maryland
Flower, designated by the General Assembly (Chapter 458, Acts of
1918). A yellow daisy, or coneflower it blooms in late summer (Code
1957, 1971 Repl. Vol., Art. 41, sec. 75).
MARYLAND SPORT
By Chapter 134, Acts of 1962, the age old equestrian sport of
Jousting was proclaimed as the official sport of the State of Maryland
(Code 1957, 1971 Repl. Vol., Art. 41, sec. 79A).
STATE INSECT
The Baltimore Checkerspot Butterfly (Euphdryas phaeton) was de-
clared to be the official arthropodic emblem of the State of Maryland
by the General Assembly by Chapter 253, Acts of 1973 (Code 1957,
1971 Repl. Vol., 1973 Supp., Art. 41, sec. 77C).
MARYLAND'S NICKNAMES
Although Maryland's nicknames are not official State Symbols, the
State is known both as the "Old Line State" and the "Free State."
During the Revolutionary War, Maryland received its nickname of
the "Old Line State." According to some historians, it was presumably
given by Gen. George Washington because of the magnificent perform-
ance of the State's regular troops of the line in several of the more
important engagements. In this connection, military writers have
stated that the troops of the Maryland Line ranked among the finest
in the Continental Army and were "held in admirable discipline" as
distinguished from the militia, which fought in guerilla fashion. (See:
WPA Writers' Project, Maryland: A Guide to the Old Line State
(New York, 1940), p. 37.
The nickname of "Free State" is of twentieth century origin. It
was invented by Hamilton Owens, editor of the Baltimore Sun. Some-

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Maryland Manual, 1975-76
Volume 177, Page 12   View pdf image (33K)
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