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Maryland Manual, 1973-74
Volume 176, Page 34   View pdf image (33K)
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34 MARYLAND MANUAL
Invading tribes, who made forays from the North and at
times lived on Maryland territory, were of the Five Nations
—Senecas and Iroquois. Later history records raids by other
tribes of Indians, accompanied by violence and massacres,
generally in Western Maryland.
The "Ark" and the "Dove"
The Maryland colony was planned by the first Lord
Baltimore—George Calvert, a Yorkshireman whose devotion
to James I had first made him Secretary of State, later
Baron of Baltimore (1625), and finally gained him a grant
of land for a colony in Newfoundland. This cold territory
Calvert called "Avalon" or "Ferryland"; but the bitter
climate and raiding French made the territory untenable.
In 1627 Lord Baltimore attempted to live in Avalon with
his family; then he left for the warmer climate of Virginia.
His intention was "to plant himself to the southward," and
when he returned to England, he persuaded Charles I,
James' successor, to give him a charter of his own composi-
tion. On presentation to the King, blanks were left for the
name of the colony and the date. It is said that Charles filled
in the name Terra Mariae to honor his queen, Henrietta
Maria.
Before June 20, 1632, when the charter was dated, George,
the first Lord Baltimore, died and was succeeded by his son,
Cecil. The second Lord Baltimore organized the expedition
to Maryland in two vessels, the Ark of 360 tons, and the
Dove of 60 tons. Assisting him was the Jesuit priest, Father
Andrew White, for Cecil, as his father had been since 1624,
was a Roman Catholic. Father White, with two members of
the Calvert family (not including the Proprietor), sailed
from Cowes on the Isle of Wight on November 22, 1633.
How many took passage and how many were Catholics we
do not know. We do know that one hundred and twenty-
eight took the oath of supremacy which Catholics normally
refused to accept. However, the Ark alone was twice the
size of the May flower, which had carried over one hundred
passengers.
January 1634 saw the two vessels at the Barbados where
they delayed for twenty days. On February 24th Leonard
Calvert, as lieutenant-general, put in at Point Comfort,
Virginia. The first stop within the limits placed by the
charter—"from Watkin's Point unto that part . . . which
lieth under the fortieth degree of north latitude"—was at
St.'s Clement's Island. The celebration of Mass here on An-
nunciation Day has fixed for tradition March 25th as the

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Maryland Manual, 1973-74
Volume 176, Page 34   View pdf image (33K)
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