own use and not for resale. In addition to the State Use Industries,
employment of prisoners is also provided in the Public Works pro-
gram of the State. The earnings of the prisoners are credited to their
account and are payable to them upon release.

The Division of Classifications of the Department of Correction
acts as a classification agency for each new admission to each of the
correctional institutions. The Division secures information and data
concerning the prisoner to classify him properly as to his abilities
and to aid in his rehabilitation. The use of the indeterminate sen-
tence, in two of the State's correctional institutions—the Reformatory
for Males and the Reformatory for Women—has made the work of
this division increasingly important. All data collected by the divi-
sion concerning an individual prisoner both at the time of his admis-
sion and during the time of his confinement are reviewed by the
Board of Correction previous to recommending him for parole or
probation.

The Department of Correction is further responsible for making
an annual inspection of the county jails of Maryland, making recom-
mendations for their improvement (Code 1947 Supp., Art. 27, sec.
791).

Expenditures, 1950 $40,972.26
Appropriation, 1961 37,571.00
Staff: General 7, State Use 4.

MARYLAND PENITENTIARY

Edwin T. Swenson, Warden
954 Forrest Street, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Vernon 2135

The concept of a central penitentiary for an entire state was a
creation of eighteenth-century humanitarianism in America. It was
original in form in that for the first time a penal institution was de-
signed to serve more than a single county, town or parish, and it was
original in purpose in that it proposed to treat its inmates not as
enemies of society to be punished, but as penitents to be reformed.
With this concept in mind the General Assembly of Maryland, in 1804,
appointed a Commission to construct such an institution; however,
because of financial difficulties the Penitentiary was not completed and
opened until 1811; the second institution of its type in the United
States. The institution has operated continuously since the date of its
opening. During its first 100 years, the Penitentiary was governed by
a Board of Inspectors or a Board of Managers. With the establish-
ment of the Board of Prison Control (now the Board of Correction)
in 1917, the institution was placed under its control.

The Penitentiary is a maximum security penal institution and
long-term offenders are confined here. All sentences of death are
also executed at. the Penitentiary.

Prisoners are employed at the State Use Industries shops which
are designed to provide employment and practical vocational training.
The following shops are now operating: printing, auto tag, shoe
manufacturing, woodworking, brush manufacturing, sewing, mat-
tress and upholstering, metal products, and knitting.