MARYLAND MANUAL 421

1865.Eeverdy Johnson, John A. J. Creswell."
1867.Reverdy Johnson,"¹ William Pinkney Whyte," George Vickers."
1869.George Vickers, William T. Hamilton.
. 1871.George Vickers, William T. Hamilton.
1873.William T. Hamilton, George R. Dennis.
1875.George R. Dennis, William Pinkney Whyte.
1877.George R. Dennis, William Pinkney Whyte.
1879.William Pinkney Whyte, James B. Groome.
1881.James B. Groome, Arthur Pue German.
1883.James B. Groome, Arthur Pue German.
1885.Arthur Pue German, Ephraim K. Wilson.
1887.Arthur Pue German, Ephraim K. Wilson.
1889.Arthur Pue German, Ephraim K. Wilson."
1891.Arthur Pue German, Charles H. Gibson."
1893.Arthur Pue German, Charles H. Gibson.

1896.Arthur Pue Gorman, Charles H. Gibson.

1897.Arthur Pue Gorman, George L. Wellington.
1899.George L. Wellington, Louis E. McComas.
1901.George L. Wellington, Louis E. McComas.
1903.Louis E. McComas, Arthur Pue Gorman.
1905.Arthur Pue Gorman," William Pinkney Whyte," Isidor Rayner.
1907.laidor Rayner, William Pinkney Whyte," John Walter Smith."
1909.Isidor Rayner, John Walter Smith.
1911.Isidor Rayner," William P. Jackson," John Walter Smith.
1913.John Walter Smith, William P. Jackson, Blair Lee."
1915.John Walter Smith, Blair Lee.
1917.John Walter Smith, Joseph I. France.
, 1919.John Walter Smith, Joseph I. France.
1921.Joseph I. France. Ovington E. Weller.
1923.Ovington E. Weller, William Cabell Bruce.
1925.Ovington E. Weller, William Cabell Bruce.

" Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of Thomas H. Hicks, in preceding Con-
gress, and took his seat December 4, 1865.

"Resigned July 10, 1868.

89 Appointed to nil vacancy caused by resignation of Reverdy Johnson, and took
his seat July 14, 1868.

w Elected tor term beginning March 4, 1867, and took his seat March 9, 1868.
The credentials of Philip F."Thomas, Senator-elect, were presented March 18, 1867,
but he was not permitted to qualify; on February 19, 1868, the Senate adopted a
resolution that he was not entitled to qualify as he had * 'voluntarily given aid,
countenance, and encouragement to persons engaged in armed hostility to the
United States."

"Died February 24, 1891; had been reelected for the term beginning March 4,
1891.

<2 Appointed to nil vacancy caused by death of Ephraim K. Wilson, in preceding
Congress, and took his seat December 7, 1891; subsequently elected; vacancy in
this class from February 25 to November 18, 1891.

"Died June 4, 1906.

" Appointed to fill vacancy caused by death of Arthur Pue Gorman, and took
his seat June 11, 1906; subsequently elected.

"Died March 17, 1908.

" Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of William Pinkney Whyte, and took
his seat March 26, 1908.

" Died November 25, 1912.

" Appointed to fill vacancy caused by death of Isidor Kayner, and took hig seat
December 3, 1912.

a Elected on November 4, 1913, to fill vacancy caused by death of Isidor Rayner
(in preceding Congress) ; credentials were presented on December 5, 1913, and
referred to the Committee on Privileges and Elections, and pending report he did
not attempt to qualify; on January 19, 1914, a resolution was reported to the effect
that he had been legally elected and was entitled to the seat; on January 28, 1914,
the Senate adopted the resolution and he took his seat the same day. This was
the first election by popular vote held pursuant to the seventeenth amendment to
the Constitution.