Sect, Order or Denomination; and every gift or sale of goods,
chattels, to go in succession, or to take place after the death of
the Seller or Donor, to or for such support, use or benefit; and
also every devise of goods or chattels to or for the support, use or
benefit of any Minister, Public Teacher or Preacher of the Gos-
pel, as such, or any Religious Sect, Order or Denomination,
without the prior or subsequent sanction of the Legislature,
shall be void; except always, any sale, gift, lease or devise of
any quantity of land, not exceeding five acres, for a church
meetinghouse, or other house of worship, or parsonage, or for a
burying-ground, which shall be improved, enjoyed or used only
for such purpose; or such sale, gift, lease or devise shall be void.

Art. 39. That the manner of administering the oath or
affirmation to any person ought to be such as those of the
religious persuasion, profession, or denomination, of which he
is a member, generally esteem the most effectual confirmation
by the attestation of the Divine Being.

Art. 40. That the liberty of the press ought to be in-
violably preserved; that every citizen of the State ought to
be allowed to speak, write and publish his sentiments on all
subjects, being responsible for the abuse of that privilege.

Art. 41. That monopolies are odious, contrary to the spirit
of a free government and the principles of commerce, and ought
not to be suffered.

Art. 42. That no title or hereditary honors ought to be
granted in this State.

Art. 43. That the Legislature ought to encourage the
diffusion of knowledge and virtue, the extension of a judicious
system of general education, the promotion of literature, the
arts, sciences, agriculture, commerce and manufactures, and
the general amelioration of the condition of the people.

Art. 44. That the provisions of the Constitution of the
United States, and of this State, apply as well in time of war
as in time of peace; and any departure therefrom, or violation
thereof, under the plea of necessity, or any other plea, is sub-
versive of good government and tends to anarchy and des-
potism.

Art. 45. This enumeration of Rights shall not be construed
to impair or deny others retained by the People.