or preacher of the gospel, as such, or to
any religious sect, order or denomina-
tion, or to or for the support, use or
benefit of, or in trust for any minister,
public teacher or preacher of the gospel
as such, or any religious sect, order or
denomination, and every gift or sale of
goods or chattels to go in succession, or
to take place after the death of the seller
or donor, to or for such support, use or
benefit; and, also, every devise of goods
or chattels, to or for the support, use or
benefit of any minister, public teacher
or preacher of the gospel, as such; or
any religious sect, order or denomina-
tion, without the prior or subsequent
sanction of the Legislature, shall be
void; except always, any sale, gift, lease
or devise of any quantity of land, not
exceeding five acres, for a church, meet-
ing house or other house of worship, or
parsonage, or for a burying ground,
which shall be improved, enjoyed, or
used only for such purpose; or such sale,
gift, lease or devise shall be void.
Art. 39. That the manner of admin-
istering an oath or affirmation to any
person, ought to be such as those of the
religious persuasion, profession or de-
nomination, of which he is a member,
generally esteem the most effectual con-
firmation by the attestation of the
Divine Being.
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Art. 40. That the liberty of the press
ought to be inviolably preserved; that
every citizen of the State ought to be
allowed to speak, write and publish his
sentiments on all subjects, being respon-
sible for the abuse of that liberty.
Art. 41. That monopolies are odious,
contrary to the spirit of a free govern-
ment and the principles of commerce,
and ought not to be suffered.
Art. 42. That no title of nobility or
hereditary honors ought to be granted
in this State.
Art. 43. That the Legislature ought
to encourage the diffusion of knowledge
and virtue, the extension of a judicious
system of general education, the promo-
tion of literature the arts, sciences, agri-
culture, commerce and manufactures,
and the general melioration of the con-
dition of the people.
Art. 44. This enumeration of rights
shall not be construed to impair or deny
others retained by the people.
Art. 45, That the Legislature shall
pass no law providing for an alteration,
change or abolishment of this Constitu-
tion, except in the manner therein
prescribed and directed.
449
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