Preacher of the Gospel, as such, or any Religious Sect, Order
or Denomination, without the prior or subsequent sanction of
the Legislature, shall be void; except always, any sale, gift,
lease or devise of any quantity of land, not exceeding five
acres, for a church, meeting-house, or other house of worship,
or parsonage, or for a burying-ground, which shall be im-
proved, enjoyed or used only for such purpose; or such sale,
gift, lease or devise shall be void.

Art. 39. That the manner of administering the oath or
affirmation to any person ought to be such as those of the
religious persuasion, profession, or denomination, of which
he is a member, generally esteem the most effectual confirma-
tion by the attestation of the Divine Being.

Art. 40. That the liberty of the press ought to be inviol-
ably preserved; that every citizen of the State ought to be
allowed to speak, write and publish his sentiments on all sub-
jects, being responsible for the abuse of that privilege.

Art. 41. That monopolies are odious, contrary to the spirit
of a free government and the principles of commerce, and
ought not to be suffered.

Art. 42. That no title or hereditary honors ought to be
granted in this State.

Art. 43. That the Legislature ought to encourage the dif-
fusion of knowledge and virtue, the extension of a judicious
system of general education, the promotion of literature, the
arts, sciences, agriculture, commerce and manufactures, and
the general amelioration of the condition of the people.

Art. 44. That the provisions of the Constitution of the
United States, and of this. State, apply as well in time of war
as in time of peace; and any departure therefrom, or viola-
tion thereof, under the plea of necessity, or any other plea, is
subversive of good government and tends to anarchy and
despotism.

Art. 45. This enumeration of Rights shall not be construed
to impair or deny others retained by the People.