by the Proprietary and the freeman, and these laws required
no confirmation from the King or Parliament. By an ex-
press clause the King renounced for himself and for his suc-
cessors forever, all right of taxation in Maryland. All that
was required of the colonists was that they should be British
subjects, and that the Proprietary should acknowledge the
King of England as his sovereign, paying him, in lieu of all
services or taxes) two Indian arrows yearly, and the fifth of
all gold or silver that might be found.

Cecilius fitted out two small vessels, the Ark and Dove, in
which the first band of colonists set sail on November 20,

1633. These consisted of about twenty gentlemen of good
families, all or most of whom were Catholics, and about two
hundred laborers, craftsmen and servants, most of them
Protestants. Baltimore's younger brother, Leonard Calvert,
was Governor and head of the expedition, assisted by two
councillors, Jerome Hawley and Thomas Cornwaleys. Care-
ful instructions for their guidance were drawn up by Balti-
more, in which he charged them to observe strict impar-
tiality, and to give the Protestants no cause of offence.

The Ark and Dove after a tedious and stormy passage,
reached at last their destination, and the colonists landed
upon an island at the mouth of the Potomac, where they
celebrated divine service and planted a cross on March 25,

1634.

The natives received them in the most friendly manner, and
were quite willing that they should settle among them. So
they brought from the King of Yaocomicos a tract of land a
few miles up the Potomac, where there was a good harbor,
and there laid out the plan of a city, which they called St.
Mary's.

A powerful party in Virginia was bitterly hostile to the
settlement of Maryland. One of the leaders was William
Claiborne, who had established a trading post on Kent
Island, in the Chesapeake Bay, where, as the agent of a Lon-
don firm of merchants, he dealt with the Indians for beaver
skins. Baltimore was desirous of making a friend of Clai-
borne, and instructed Leonard, while notifying him that his
island was within the province of Maryland, to make amic-
able overtures to him. Claiborne, however, preferred to re-
main an enemy.

A vessel of Claiborne's having been seized by the Maryland
authorities for trading in Maryland waters without a license,
he dispatched a shallop with an armed party to St. Mary's to
make reprisals. Calvert sent out a force in two pinnaces to
meet them, and a battle was fought on the Pocomoke river,