86 MARYLAND MANUAL.

in which there was some bloodshed on both sides, and Clai-
borne's vessel surrendered. Claiborne soon after went to
England, and his London principals sent out an agent, who
took possession of their property on Kent Island and ac-
knowledged the jurisdiction of Maryland. Some disaffection
still remaining on the island, Governor Calvert sailed with a
small force, when all the residents peacefully submitted and
were confirmed in their holdings of land.

Of the first meeting of the Maryland Assembly, in 1635, we
have no record, but that of the second, in 1687-8, has been
preserved. It consisted of all the freemen of the colony,
present either in person or by proxies. This plan proving
inconvenient, was soon changed, and two burgesses were
elected by every hundred, forming a lower house, while the
Governor and Council, appointed by the Proprietary, Consti-
tuted an upper house. The clause in the charter giving Bal-
timore the right to propose laws was waived by him, and the
initiative in legislation left to the Assembly, he reserving the
power of assent or dissent.

The missionaries sent out by the Jesuits with the first col-
onists were diligent in spreading Christianity among the
Indians, who gladly listened to their teachings and embraced
the faith; even the Tayac, or "emperor," of Pascataway, who
was a sovereign over several tribes, asking to be baptized and
married according to the Christian rite; and he afterwards
brought his young daughter to be educated at St. Mary's.

The peace of Maryland was disturbed by the civil war in
England. Although Baltimore took no part in the war, he
was known to be a friend of the King; and while Maryland
had no direct interest in the controversy, much partisan feel-
ing was aroused. In January, 1644, one Eichard Ingle, com-
mander of a merchant ship, was in St. Mary's, and being a
violent partisan of Parliament, and a loose and loud talker
of open treason, made himself so obnoxious, that he was
arrested, though presently released and suffered to sail away
unmolested. In the autumn of the same year, he came back
with an armed ship and a force of men, seized St. Mary's and
overthrew the government. For two years the Province
remained in the hands of Ingle and his men, joined by such
of the baser sort as were lured by the prospect of plunder;
and they pillaged and destroyed at their pleasure for about
two years. No blood, however, seems to have been shed.
Governor Calvert, at length, obtained some help from Vir-
ginia, and, returning with a force, regained his authority
without a blow. On June 9, 1647, this just and humane
Governor died.