RULES OF THE SENATE. 143

him; and, if he refuses to vote when the yeas and nays are
called, his name shall be noted on the Journal at the request
of any Senator.

OF COMMITTEES.

RULE XV.

All committees shall be appointed by the President, unless
otherwise specially directed by the Senate, in which case they
shall be selected by ballot. The first named of every com-
mittee shall be chairman, but, in his absence, or on being ex-
cused by the Senate, the next named member, and so on, shall
act in his stead.

RULE XVI.

The following Standing Committees, which shall have leave
to report by bill or otherwise, shall be appointed at the begin-
ning of each session by the President, unless otherwise ordered
by the Senate:

1. On Finance, to consist of seven Senators.

2. On Judicial Proceedings, to consist of seven Senators.

3. On Corporations, to consist of seven Senators.

4. On Elections, to consist of seven Senators.

5. On Inspections, to consist of five Senators.

6. On Education, to consist of five Senators.

7. On Agriculture and Labor, to consist of five Senators.

8. On Executive Nominations, to consist of five Senators.

9. On Militia, to consist of five Senators.
10. On Engrossed Bills, to consist of seven Senators,
11. On Public Institutions, to consist of five Senators.

12. On Federal Relations, to consist of five Senators.

13. On Pensions, to consist of five Senators.

14. On Railroads and Canals, to consist of five Senators.

15. On Chesapeake Bay and Tributaries, to consist of five
Senators.

16. On Printing, to consist of five Senators.