32 MARYLAND MANUAL.

ART. 9. That no power of suspending Laws or the execu-
tion of Laws, unless by or derived from the Legislature,
ought to be exercised or allowed.

ART. 10. That freedom of speech and debate or proceed-
ings in the Legislature, ought not to be impeached in any
Court of Judicature.

ART. 11. That Annapolis be the place of meeting of the
Legislature; and the Legislature ought not to be convened
or held at any other place but from evident necessity.

ART. 12. That for redress of grievances, and for amend-
ing, strengthening and preserving the Laws, the Legislature
ought to be frequently convened.

ART. 13. That every man hath a right to petition the
Legislature for the redress of grievances in a peaceable and
orderly manner.

ART. 14. That no aid, charge, tax, burthen or fees ought
to be rated or levied, under any pretence, without the con-
sent of the Legislature.

ART. 15. That the levying of taxes by the poll is grievous
and oppressive, and ought to be prohibited; that paupers
ought not to be assessed for the support of the Government;
but every person in the State, or person holding property
therein, ought to contribute his proportion of public taxes
for the support of the Government, according to his actual
worth in real or personal property; yet fines, duties or
taxes may properly and justly be imposed or laid, with a
political view for the good government and benefit of the
community.

ART. 16. That sanguinary Laws ought to be avoided as
far as it is consistent with the safety of the State; and no
Law to inflict cruel and unusual pains and penalties ought
to be made in any case or at any time hereafter.

ART. 17. That retrospective Laws, punishing acts com-
mitted before the existence of such laws, and by them only
declared criminal, arc oppressive, unjust and incompatible
with liberty; wherefore, no ex post facto Law ought to bo
made, nor any retrospective oath or restriction be imposed
or required.

ART. 18. That no Law to attaint particular persons of
treason or felony ought to be made in any case or at any
time hereafter.