States, who had borne the heat and burthen of this rebellion.
If disorganization and a division of the spoils among the vic-
tors, including the control of the States themselves, was the
recognized policy of the Government, surely we had no right
to prefer the negro as the sole recipient of these princely
bounties. There was no claim of justice or humanity which
entitled him to precedence over our own race. In proclaim-
ing freedom everywhere—in severing the chains which bound
him—in opening to him the avenues of improvement and
education, to fit him for a higher destiny, and the full bene-
fit and protection of our laws, both as to person and property,
we discharged our whole duty to the negro. We made him
free, in all else but sharing with him the government of the
country.
The distinctive characteristics and admitted antagonism of
the two races, cannot be lost sight of in the settlement of
these grave issues. In discussing the claim of universal negro
suffrage, we must understand, in the very outset, the effect of
the measure in its full bearing upon the Southern and Bor-
der States. It matters not, in some of the States, whether
the negro is invested with the right to vote or not. The ex-
ercise of suffrage causes no disturbance of existing relations.
If we admit his right to vote, we cannot justly exclude him
from our representative halls—from the government of our
States and Cities—and every other privilege known to our
laws. The right to vote assumes the exercise of the power,
thus conferred, for the exclusive benefit of his own race. The
effect, then, of universal negro suffrage, is the virtual trans-
fer of the Southern States and Southern territory, and it may
be some of the Border States, to the ultimate possession and
control of the negro; it is the substitution of the African for
the Anglo-Saxon race, in a large section of our national do-
main.
With the Southern and Middle States, perhaps our own,
this issue of negro suffrage is a subject of the gravest import.
Massachusetts, with her nine or ten thousand negroes, in an
aggregate population of twelve' hundred thousand souls—
Maine, with her six hundred in an aggregate of more than
thirteen hundred thousand—Vermont, seven hundred in an
aggregate of more tlman three hundred thousand—New Hamp-
shire, five hundred in an aggregate of more than five hun-
dred thousand, and other Free States standing in the same
numerical relation, would hardly claim to approach this issue
from a common stand-point, even with our own State. The
loyal men of the South, admitted to be ever so limited in
number, stand in no relation which would justify, even if the
power existed under the Constitution, the forcible surrender
of their country into the hands of the African race.