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that of the Industrial Revolution. She said
that some people reside in barren regions
of Appalachia; others eke out but an exis-
tence in dust bowls and in congested urban
hovels. Difficulties are hard to settle. This
may be true, but it is also true that living conditions of the poor are constantly im-
proving. He has conveniences and comforts
that only kings could command one hun-
dred years ago. He is better clothed and
housed, and travels about with greater ease.
Capital opens new avenues to labor, and
labor organizes and constantly gives capital
new challenges. People today have many
things to inflame their passions. They will
not listen to reason. Many are blind to their
own interest. People march. People threat-
en. Some blame the war, others blame ra-
cial discrimination. Yet we cannot take
away half of what one person makes and
give it to another who feels he does not
have to work. This is the welfare state.
This may be the danger of the mandated
gift of economic security.
Labor is the arm and capital is the
blood. Take the blood, the arm is useless.
Do not hold out to people even a policy of
a welfare state.
Little has been done heretofore by the
government to develop business enterprise
and cultivate commercial talents. But
through the Office of Economic Opportun-
ity, under the Small Business Administra-
tion and other "On the Better Job" trainee
programs, the federal and state Govern-
ments are making changes. Better housing,
shorter hours, speedy transportation, high-
er wages, improved schools — all opportun-
ities to get ahead, are on the way. Capital
knows it cannot succeed without helping
the general economic life of the country.
BLACK'S LAW DICTIONARY defines a pre-
amble as a clause at the beginning of the
constitution that explains the reasons for
its enactment, a policy citing objectives
sought to be accomplished. Our preamble
need only to say, to make it more perfect,
"to secure their right to life, liberty, eco-
nomic opportunity, and the pursuit of hap-
piness." These are the ideals upon which
our constitution may be founded. Insurance
policies, firemen, and health departments
protect us from injury, disease and deaths
daily. We are at liberty to speak, to read,
to worship and to make our own laws.
THE PRESIDENT: You have three-
quarters of a minute.
DELEGATE ROGER: Thank you, sir.
As long as we do 'not hurt anyone else,
or break any laws, we are free to do things
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that will bring us the most happiness. We
should therefore strive for greater creature
comforts, adequate schools, safe transporta-
tion, healthy children, serene old age: all
the fruits of economic opportunity.
Finally, I hope this Convention, writing
this great constitution, will see fit to
broaden the preamble so that it will read
"to secure their right to life, liberty, eco-
nomic opportunity, and the pursuit of
happiness."
Thank you.
THE PRESIDENT: Delegate Kiefer.
DELEGATE KIEFER: Mr. President,
ladies and gentlemen of this Convention, I
rise to oppose this amendment, and I hope
that you will vote against it.
I do not oppose the fine attitude and re-
marks of Delegate Koger, but I will say to
you, ladies and gentlemen, this Committee
worked long, hard, and arduously to pre-
pare what we thought was a complete and
all inclusive preamble that set up a philos-
ophy, and we have done so.
Now, we can add economic security, we
can add freedom of religion, free public
education : we can add on and on and on.
We have covered it; we have covered it
thoroughly. We have a preamble I think we
can be proud of. I ask you at this late
hour please not to tamper with it and
therefore urge that you reject this amend-
ment.
THE PRESIDENT: Is there any other
discussion? Are you ready for the question?
The Clerk will ring the quorum bell.
The question arises on the adoption of
Amendment No. 1. A vote Aye is a vote in
favor of the amendment; a vote No is a
vote against.
Cast your vote.
(Whereupon, a roll call vote was taken.)
THE PRESIDENT: Has every delegate
voted?
Delegate James Clark.
DELEGATE J. CLARK: I vote Aye.
THE PRESIDENT: Delegate James
Clark votes Aye.
Does any delegate desire to change his
vote?
The Clerk will record the vote.
There being 59 votes in the affirmative
and 56 in the negative, the motion is
carried. The amendment is adopted.
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