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Representatives has customarily met in public since its

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inception, and the Senate since 1794; most congressional work

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is now done in committee, however, and approximately one-

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third of the committee meetings have been closed.

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Thirty-four of the Stages have constitutional

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requirements that the legislature meet in public; in the

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others legislative sessions are open as a matter of custom.

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Apparently no State, however, has a constitutional require-

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ment of open meetings applicable to any governmental body

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other than the legislature."

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I might point out that in some decisions it

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has been argued that the First Amendment, freedom of the

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press and freedom of speech, include a right to freedom

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of information, and I would read you just a short statement

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from a judge in a dissenting opinion in interpreting

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this languageJudge Musmanno in Pennsylvania stated: "A

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print shop without material to print would be as meaningless

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as a vineyard without grapes, an orchard without fruit, or

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a lawn without color. Freedom of the press means to gather

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news, write it, publish and circulate it."

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Provide for open meetings. It also provides that