from the legislature, ought to be exercised or
allowed,
Art. 10. That freedom of speech and debate
or proceedings in the legislature, ought not to
be impeached in any court of judicature.
Art. 11, That Annapolis be the place for
the meeting of the legislature; and the legis-
lature ought not to be convened or held at
any other place but from evident necessity.
Art. 12. That for the redress of grievances,
and for amending, strengthening and pre-
serving the laws, the legislature ought to be
frequently convened.
Art. 13. That every man hath a right to
petition the legislature for the redress of
grievances in a peaceable and orderly man-
ner.
Art. 14. That no aid, charge, tax, burthen,
or fees, ought to be rated or levied, under
any pretence, without the consent of the legis-
lature.
Art, 15, That the levying of taxes by the
poll is grievous and oppressive, and ought to
be prohibited; that paupers ought not to be
assessed for the support of the government,
but every other person in the State, or person
holding property therein, ought to contribute
his proportion of public taxes, for the support
of government, according to his actual worth
in real or personal property; yet fines, duties,
or taxes may properly and justly be imposed
or laid, with a political view, for the good
government and benefit of the community.
Art. 16. That sanguinary laws ought to
be avoided as tar as it is consistent with the
safety of the State; and no law to inflict
cruel and unusual pains and penalties ought
to be made in any case, or at any time here-
after.
Art. 17. That retrospective laws, punish-
ing acts committed betore the existence of
such laws, and by them only declared crimi-
nal, are oppressive, unjust and incompatible
with liberty; wherefore, no ex post facto law
ought to be made.
Art. 18. That no law to attaint particular
persons of treason or felony, ought to be
made in any case, or at any time hereafter.
Art. 19. That every man, for any injury
done to him in his person or property, ought
to have remedy by the course of the law of
the land, and ought to have justice and right,
freely without sale, fully without any denial,
and speedily without delay, according to the
law of the land.
Art. 20. That the trial of facts where they
arise, is one of the greatest securities of the
lives, liberties, and estate of the people.
Art. 21. That in all criminal prosecutions,
every man bath a right to be informed of the
accusation against him; to have a copy of
the indictment or charge, in due time (if re-
quired) to prepare for his defence; to be
allowed counsel; to be confronted with the
witnesses against him; to have process for
his witnesses; to examine the witnesses for |
and against him on oath; and to a speedy
trial by an impartial jury, without whose
unanimous consent he ought not to be found
guilty.
Art. 22. That no man ought to be com-
pelled to give evidence against himself in a
criminal case.
Art. 23. That no man ought to be taken or
imprisoned, or disseized of this freehold, liber-
ties or privileges, or outlawed, or exiled, or
in any manner destroyed, or deprived of his
life, liberty or property, but by the judgment
of his peers, or by the law of the land.
Art. 24. That hereafter, in this State, there
shall be neither slavery nor involuntary ser-
vitude, except in punishment of crime,
whereof the party shall have been duly con-
victed; and all persons held to service or la-
bora? slaves, are hereby declared free.
Art, 25. That excessive bail ought nut to
be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor
cruel or unusual punishment inflicted by the
courts of law.
Art. 26. That all warrants, without oath,
or affirmation, to search suspected places, or
to seize any person or property, are grievous
and oppressive; and all general warrants to
search suspected places, or to apprehend sus-
pected persons, without naming or describing
the place, or the person in special, are illegal,
and ought not to be granted.
Art. 27. That no conviction shall work
corruption of blood, nor shall there be any
forfeiture of the estate of any person for any
crime, except treason, and then only on con-
viction.
Art. 28. That a well regulated militia is
the proper and natural defence of a free gov-
ernment.
Art. 29. That standing armies are dan-
gerous to liberty, and ought not to be raised
or kept up without the consent of the legis-
lature.
Art 30. That in all cases and at all times
the military ought to be tinder strict subor-
dination to, and control of the civil power.
Art. 31. That no soldier shall in time of
peace be quartered in any house without the
consent of the owner, nor in time of war,
except in the manner prescribed by law.
Art. '32. That no person, except regular-
soldiers, mariners, and marines in the service
of this State, or militia when in actual ser-
vice, ought in any case to be subject to, or
punishable by martial law.
Art. 33. That the independency and up-
rightness of judges are essential to the im-
partial administration of justice, and a great
security to the rights and liberties of the peo-
ple; wherefore the judges shall not be re-
moved, except for misbehavior, on conviction
in a court of law, or by the governor, upon
the address of the general assembly; provided,
that two-thirds of all the members of each
house concur in such address. No judge
shall bold any other office, civil or military, |
