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Art. 39. That the liberty of the press ought to be inviola-
bly preserved.
Art. 40. That monopolies are odious, contrary to the spirit
of a free government and the principles of commerce, and
ought not to be suffered.
Art. 41. That no title of nobility or hereditary honors
ought to be granted in this State.
Art. 42. That the Legislature ought to encourage the dif-
fusion of knowledge and virtue, the extension of a judicious
system of general education, the promotion of literature, the
arts, sciences, agriculture, commerce and manufactures, and
the general melioration of the condition of the people.
Art. 43. This enumeration of rights shall not be construed
to impair or deny others retained by the people.
Art. 44. That this Constitution shall not be altered, chang-
ed or abolished except in the manner therein prescribed and
directed.
Mr. Chambers, from the minority of the Committee on the
Bill of Rights, submitted the following report,
Which was read and ordered to be printed:
REPORT.
The undersigned, members of the Committee to consider
and report upon the Declaration of Rights, not concurring
with the majority of the Committee in all of the propositions
they submit, beg leave to report:
That with regard to the proposed fourth Article of the De-
claration of Rights, as reported by the majority, they are of
opinion that however true in the proposition that the Consti-
tution of the United States and the Laws made in pursuance
thereof, are the Supreme Law of the land, yet it has never
been deemed necessary by the Statesmen who framed that
Constitution, or by those who framed the Constitution of this
State, or, in so far as the undersigned have learned, by the
framers of any one of the numerous Constitutions of the
other States, to insert amongst the rights and prerogatives of
their citizens any language enforcing the obligation of alle-
giance to the Government of the United States.
Nor do the undersigned perceive the necessity for a depar-
ture from the universal practice that has obtained in all the
States, and which practice has been adhered to even in those
instances where Constitutions have been framed in the midst
of the existing civil war; or for the voluntary offering of al-
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