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law to inflict cruel and unusual pains and penalties ought to
be made in any case, or at any time hereafter.
Art. 16. That retrospective laws, punishing acts committed
before the existence of such laws, and by them only declared
criminal, are oppressive, unjust and incompatible with lib-
erty; wherefore, no ex post facto law ought to be made.
Art. 1*7. That no law to attaint particular persons of trea-
son or felony ought to be made in any case, or at any time
hereafter.
Art. 18. That every man, for any injury done to him in
his person or property, ought to have remedy by the course
of the law of the land, and ought to have justice and right,
freely without sale, fully without any denial, and speedily
without delay, according to the law of the land.
Art. 19 That the trial of facts where they arise is one of
the greatest securities of the lives, liberties, and estate of the
people.
Art. 20. That in all criminal prosecutions every man hath
a right to be informed of the accusation against him; to have
a copy of the indictment or charge, in due time (if required)
to prepare for his defence; to be allowed counsel; to be con-.
fronted with the witnesses against him; to have process for
his witnesses; to examine the witnesses for and against him
on oath; and to a speedy trial by an impartial jury, without
whose unanimous consent he ought not to be found guilty.
Art. 21. That no man ought to be compelled to give evi-
dence against himself in a criminal case.
Art. 22. 'That no man ought to be taken or imprisoned, or
disseized of his freehold, liberties or privileges, or outlawed,
or exiled, or in any manner destroyed, or deprived of his life,
liberty or property, but by the judgment of his peers, or by
the law of the land.
Art. 23. That hereafter, in this State, there shall be neither
slavery nor involuntary servitude, except in punishment of
crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted; and
all persons held to service or labor as slaves are hereby de-
clared free.
Art. 24. That excessive bail ought not to be required, nor
excessive fines imposed, nor cruel or unusual punishment in-
flicted by the courts of law.
Art. 25. That all warrants, without oath or affirmation,
to search suspected places, or to seize any person or property,
are grievous and oppressive; and all general warrants to
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