928 ADDRESSES AND STATE PAPERS

The Kerner recommendation for increased Federal responsibility
in welfare programs and the establishment of uniform national stan-
ards of assistance does not go far enough. I favor a total Federal
takeover of the welfare responsibility as the first step to relieving the
urban crisis. Impaction due to the migration of the rural impover-
ished is the root cause of urban problems. Until we act to stabilize
and then selectively reduce the population density of our cities, all
fancy, expensive social programming is no more than an exercise in
futility. I am willing and even eager to waive the confusing kettle
of alphabet soup agencies (such as OEO, HEW, HUD) representing
the present Federal effort in the cities for Federal administration of
welfare and medicaid programs — and I think the majority of Ameri-
ca's Governors stand with me.

Once the uneducated, unemployed and impoverished population is
stabilized — at Federal expense — states and cities can afford to
initiate meaningful programs at the local level related to local em-
ployment opportunities and manpower needs.

Second, I believe the development of satellite cities possesses an
imaginative alternative to bigger and better ghettos. The suburban
exodus has not been so much a white phenomenon as the route of
the educated, the employed and the economically well-off. The term
ghetto is a misnomer since it implies forced housing on the basis of
race. The common bond of the slum neighborhood results from social
and economic far more than physical conditions. The satellite city,
a planned new community with a balance of housing and industry,
offers a solid solution to urban impaction — a counter to urban sprawl
that is genuine renewal, not urban removal. Finally, the satellite city
prevents what could become another divisive force in our political
system — the black city and the white suburb. If we are not to move
toward the Kerner Report's ominous two society prediction, we must
take bold, imaginative steps to unify society on an advantageous
foundation.

Satellite cities would not only guarantee open housing but also
would serve as the nucleus for Negro commercial enterprise. The
government can give special breaks or incentives for the Negro com-
mercial or industrial entrepreneur. We can make it so profitable that
the private developer cannot afford to stay out of the low-cost hous-
ing business. Psychologically, the satellite city is ideal for successful
integrated housing. Here, whites and Negroes start out alike in a
new community without the entrenched neighborhood cliques that
tend to discriminate against any newcomer, regardless of race or