DENVER METROPOLITAN SYMPOSIUM 553

offer diversified housing and community services; they must attract
industry for an economic base. Maryland is fortunate that it can claim
an ideal example, Columbia — founded and sponsored solely by pri-
vate enterprise.

However, few industries have the resources or the right to risk such
extensive investment in a single project. For this reason, all levels of
government should subsidize in part the foundation of satellite cities
in much the same way our urban renewal projects are now financed.
Government can buy the land, provide zoning, grading, clearing,
roads, sewers and power lines and then turn it over to private de-
velopers at a cost offering incentives to guarantee the inclusion of
modest income housing.

New planned communities prevent urban sprawl. New industry
provides work and attracts modest income families. Satellite com-
munities not only eliminate blight and alleviate crowding, they as-
sure an alternative to simply shifting blight through urban renewal
dislocation and pose the potential to prevent further neighborhood
deterioration ultimately requiring additional urban renewal projects.

Another key to relieve impaction would come by transferring the
responsibility for welfare programs to the Federal government alone.
Only with Federal controls establishing uniform standards and bene-
fits which will extend from Watts to Harlem — from the Mississippi
Delta to Detroit — will the flow of untrained, unemployed and im-
poverished to the cities stop. The machinery and example to admin-
ister such a program already exists in the National Social Security
Administration. Once we can stabilize our impoverished population
we can initiate meaningful programs at the local level, related to
local employment opportunities and manpower needs.

The Federal government's total role in relieving the metropolitan
crises merits re-evaluation and redesign. Although the Federal govern-
ment vociferously expresses acute awareness of its obligations in this
area, the 90th Congress has to date been plagued by indecision result-
ing in failure to act. The national administration is open to justifiable
criticism on urban issues.

The President claims to have provided $30 billion in Federal aid
to the cities. Yet in testimony before a Senate subcommittee, his
Budget Director, Charles Schultze, set the figure at $10. 3 billion —
and even this lesser figure includes $2. 1 billion for the construction
of urban expressways which hardly help the poor whose homes lie in
interstate highways' paths.